UNIX Introduction PDF
Document Details
Uploaded by PleasingLilac
Tags
Summary
This document provides an introduction to UNIX operating systems, covering its history, key features, and simple commands. It explores the concept of operating systems and their role in managing computer resources. The document also details the fundamental building blocks and operational aspects of UNIX, focusing on user interfaces and practical command examples.
Full Transcript
**What is an Operating System?** - **General Purpose Electronic Digital Computers** - **Hardware, Software** - **Application software** - **Word processing, spreadsheet, database management systems, graphics applications,...** - - **Operating system, compilers, assembler, edit...
**What is an Operating System?** - **General Purpose Electronic Digital Computers** - **Hardware, Software** - **Application software** - **Word processing, spreadsheet, database management systems, graphics applications,...** - - **Operating system, compilers, assembler, editors, debuggers,...** - **Operating System (OS)** - **System software *in-charge* of the entire computer system** - **Examples** - **MS-DOS, Windows 11, macOS 14, UNIX, Linux, Android, iOS** - **Goals** - **Providing a convenient working environment for all users -- programmers as well as end users (ability to create and organize files, manipulate them in various ways)** - **Command Line Interface (CLI) or Graphical User Interface (GUI)** - **Efficient management of the resources** **\ Brief History of UNIX** - **MULTICS project at MIT, Professor F. Corbato, early sixties** - - **UNIX System Laboratory (USL)** - **UNIX extensions and communication protocols (TCP/IP) at University of California, Berkeley, eighties** - **Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD)** - **Major flavors** - **AT&T System 5 Release 4 (SVR4)** - - **BSD 4.4** - **Products from vendors** - **Sun OS and Solaris from Sun, AIX from IBM, HP-UX from HP, AUX from Apple** - **Linux for PCs, Linus Torvalds, 1992** - **GNU/Linux (open source and free operating system)** - **Linux distributions -- Red Hat Enterprise Linux, CentOS, Fedora, Ubuntu,...** - **Graphical user interfaces -- GNOME, KDE desktops** - **Linux distribution -- Linux kernel, GNU tools, desktop managers, installation and package management systems** **\ UNIX/Linux** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **Linux is a multi-user, time-sharing, multi-tasking operating systems** -------------------------------------------------------------------------- **Linux OS = Kernel + Shell** - **Kernel is the real core of the operating system, doing most of the work** - **Shell is the user interface or the command interpreter** - - **Hierarchical file structure with mountable files** - **I/O devices supported as special files** - **Simple user interface, can be easily augmented** - **System designed for programmers -- flexible and powerful** - **Portable, written mostly in C** - **Wide free distribution of source code of early version** - **First multi-platform operating system** **Linux is case sensitive** **Simple Linux Commands** **date Print date and time** **who Report who is logged in** **whoami Display user id** **logout Log out** **pwd Print working directory** **mkdir d Make directory d** **rmdir d Remove directory d** **cd d Change to directory d** **ls d List entries in directory d** **chmod mode d Change protection mode of d** ***Protection Mode*** ***r*** ***w*** ***x*** ***-*** ***-*** ***x*** ***-*** ***-*** ***-*** ----------------------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- --------- ***Binary*** **1** **1** **1** **0** **0** **1** **0** **0** **0** ***Octal*** **7** **1** **0**
