Al-Quds University Introduction to Public Health Fall 2023 PDF

Al-Quds University Faculty Of Medicine Introduction to Public Health (6106223) Lecture 1 Fall 2023 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 1 The Major THREE QUESTIONS 1. What is the definition of health ?...

Al-Quds University Faculty Of Medicine Introduction to Public Health (6106223) Lecture 1 Fall 2023 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 1 The Major THREE QUESTIONS 1. What is the definition of health ? 2. Who is responsible for the health of the Individual? 3. Who is responsible for the health of the population? Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 2  Definition of health ( Oxford 1991) Health is a state of being well and free from disease. Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 3 Old definition of Health? From a professional points of view:  Health was defined as a measure of the state of the physical bodily organs, and the ability of the body as a whole to function. It refers to freedom from medically defined diseases. Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 4 Optimum Health definition WHO 1948 A complete state of physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease. WHO 1948 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 5  WHO expansion of health definition Health is the extent to which an individual or group is able, on the one hand to realize aspirations and safety needs; and, on the other hand, to change or cope with the environment. It is to be seen as a resource for everyday life and not merely the objective of living. It is a positive concept emphasizing social and personal resources as well as physical capacities. WHO 1986 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 6  Health as a human right  The importance of health on the international stage is undeniable, as it shapes not only the lives of individuals but the stability and progress of entire societies. The importance of health in international efforts refers to the recognition of health as a fundamental human right and a global priority that transcends national boundaries. The World Health Assembly (WHA) in 1977 endorsed the primary care approach under the banner of “Health for All by the Year 2000”. Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 7 Alma-Ata Declaration In the historic city of Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan, in September 1978, a groundbreaking declaration emerged that would profoundly influence the global approach to healthcare. Alma-Ata Declaration stated that health is a basic human right, and that governments are responsible to assure that right for their citizens and to develop appropriate strategies to fulfill this promise. The Alma-Ata Declaration focused on primary health care as the appropriate method of assuming adequate access to health care for all. This declaration became a catalyst for transformative change, inspiring nations to reevaluate their healthcare systems and strive for comprehensive, people-centered care. Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 8 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) In September 2000, leaders of 189 countries gathered at the United Nations headquarters and signed the historic Millennium Declaration, in which they committed to achieving a set of eight measurable goals that range from halving extreme poverty and hunger to promoting gender equality and reducing child mortality, by the target date of 2015. Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 9 Goal 1 Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2 Achieve universal primary education Goal 3 Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4 Reduce child mortality Goal 5 Improve maternal health Goal 6 Combating HIV/AIDs, malaria, and other diseases Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 11 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) In 2015, the WHO and United Nations set some sustainable development goals or global goals that are aimed at diminishing poverty, protecting the planet, and working towards a healthier community. The 191 members of the United Nations have agreed to achieve these SDG Goals by 2030. There are a total of 17 goals out of which the UN SDG 3 is focused on health. Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 12 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 13 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 14 What are the Sustainable Development Goals for Health? The UN SDG 3 lists out a set of goals for 2030 which will help the world get closer to creating equal opportunities for overall health and well-being. There are 13 SDG 3 targets as mentioned below: 1. Reduce Maternal Mortality Ratio 2. Put an End to the Death of Children Under the Age of 5 3. End Epidemics 4. Reduce the Rate of Premature Mortality 5. Substances abuse. 6. Road accidents Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 15 What are the Sustainable Development Goals for Health? cont. 7. Better Access to Reproductive and Sexual Healthcare 8. Health coverage 9. Reduce the Risk of Contamination 10. Tobacco control 11. Research and Development 12. Better Health Financing 13. Risk Management Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 16  Healthy ------------------------- Sick A doctor who has been very successful. He was a doctor in a very well-respected hospital. He had a large house etc. He has living alone , but at the moment he is unemployed and is depressed at home Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 17  Healthy --------------------------------- Sick A doctor who has been very successful. He was a doctor in a very well-respected hospital. He had a large house and lived with a large happy family. 5 years ago he was involved in a car accident and is now confined to a wheelchair. But he is still optimistic, working very happily and successfully Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 18  The Concept of Health The concept of Health depends on :  Culture  values  and lifestyle. The concept of Health is personal and subjective and affects everything a person does and how he feels about himself and his environment. Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 19  The Health continuum The state of Health is dynamic, and can be viewed as a continuum: Health Sickness Optimum Death Health Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 20 Dimensions of Health Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 21  1. Physical Health Is concerned with anatomical integrity and physiological functioning of the body. It means the ability to perform routine tasks without any physical restriction. E.g., Physical fitness is needed to walk from place to place. 22 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023  2. Mental and intellectual Health is the ability to learn and think clearly and coherently. E.g., a person who is not mentally fit (retarded) could not learn something new at a pace in which an ordinary normal person learns. 23 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023  3. Social health Is the ability to make and maintain acceptable interactions with other people. E.g. to celebrate during festivals; to mourn when a close family member dies; to create and maintain friendship and intimacy, etc. Introvert Isolated Aggressive Tough 24 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023  4 -Emotional health is the ability to express emotions in the appropriate way, for example, to fear, to be happy, and to be angry. The response of the body should be congruent with that of the stimuli. Emotional health is related to mental health and includes feelings. It also means maintaining one’s own integrity in the presence of stressful situations such as tension, depression, and anxiety. 25 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023  5. Spiritual Health being. Some people relate health with religion; for others it has to do with personal values, beliefs, principles and ways of achieving mental satisfaction, in which all are related to their spiritual well being. 26 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023  6. Vocational and occupational health Identifying the risks at each type of job and preventing them, or mitigating their consequences preventing workplace injuries and illnesses. While following health and safety regulations Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 27 Natural history of disease Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 28 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 30 Public health Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 31 Definitions of public health? 1. It is the sum of all official or governmental efforts to promote, protect, and preserve the people’s health 2. The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private communities, and individuals.” Winslow 1920 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 32 The Oxford Book of Public Health definition s : The process of mobilizing and engaging; local, state, national, and international resources to Assure the conditions in which people can be healthy The oxford textbook of public health Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 33 Optimum definition of public health Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 34 The Mission of Public Health “Fulfilling society’s interest in assuring conditions in which people can be healthy.” —Institute of Medicine “Public health aims to provide maximum benefit for the largest number of people.” —World Health Organization 35 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 36 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 37 Public Health system Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 38 Public Health Core Sciences 39 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 Core Functions of Public Health Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 40 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 41 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 42 Introduction to Health And public Health Fall 2023 43