Health Education (Lecture 3) 2022 PDF

Health education ( Lecture 3) Prepared by: Dr. Kawther Alayasa Dr. Dua Qarqra Dr. Fadwa mushahsa Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 1 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  Objectives...

Health education ( Lecture 3) Prepared by: Dr. Kawther Alayasa Dr. Dua Qarqra Dr. Fadwa mushahsa Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 1 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  Objectives: 1. Define health education 2. Identify aims, goals and objectives of health education 3. Discuss the Principles of health education 4.Identify who can practice health education. 5. Discuss the contents & scopes of health education 6. Identify role of health educator and nurse educator. 7. Describe approaches of health education 8. Describe methods of health education 9.Discuss the differences between adult and children education. 10.Understand ethical issues in health education. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 2 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  Definition of Health Education According to WHO, Health education is any combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals and communities improve their health, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 3 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  Aims of health education Aims of Health education 1. Health promotion and disease prevention. 2. Early diagnosis and management. 3. Utilization of available health services. 4. To impact desirable health practices. 5. To develop positive attitude towards health. 6. To improve the school and community health status. 7. To educate community about the prevalence of superstitions and prejudices. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 4 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  Goals of HE Help person achieve optimum level of health. Facilitate individual’s ability to improve personal living conditions. Make informed decisions about personal ,family , and community health practices. Utilize health service appropriately. Encourage practice of healthy life style behaviors. Promotion of health and prevention of diseases. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 5 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha Specific objectives of health education To make health an asset valued by the community. To increase knowledge of the factors that affect health. To encourage behavior which promotes and maintains health. To enlist support for public health measures, and when necessary, to press for appropriate governmental action. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 6 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  Principles of health education 1. Credibility: it is the degree by which the message to be communicated is perceived as trustworthy by the receiver. 2. Interest: it is a psychological principle that people are unlikely to listen to those things which are not to their interest. 3. Participation: HE should aim at encouraging people to work actively with health workers & others in identifying their own health problems & also in developing solutions & plans to work them out. 4. Motivation: it is an important factor & it is contagious. 5. Comprehension: in HE we should always communicate in the language people understand, never use strange or new words. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 7 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  Principles of health education 6. reinforcement: if the message is repeated in different ways, people are more likely to remember it. 7. Learning by doing: learning is an action- process not a memorizing one. 8. Known to unknown: starting with what people understand and then proceed to unknown knowledge.’ 9. Setting an example - The health educator should set a good example in the things he is teaching. 10. Good human relations: sharing of ideas information's and feelings. 11. Feedback: to modifies elements of the system (message, channels). Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 8 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 9 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 10 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  In community: health education regarding environmental sanitation schools & factories Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 11 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  Contents & Scopes of health education The scope of HE covers every aspect of family and community health, it's divided into: Human biology: i.e., how to keep physically fit, the effects of alcohol, smoking & drug on the body. Nutrition: the aim is to promote good dietary habits. Hygiene: personal and environmental and food hygiene. Family health: HE promote the family’s self reliance regarding i.e., child bearing & rearing. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & Dr.Fadwa Mushasha 12  Contents & Scopes of health education cont…. Disease prevention and control: education of people about the prevention & control of locally endemic diseases is the first of eight essential activities in PHC( primary health care ). Mental health. Prevention of accidents. Use of health services. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 13 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  Role of health educator Talking to the people and listening of their problems Thinking of the behavior or action that could cause, cure and prevent these problems. Finding reasons for people’s behaviors Helping people to see the reasons for their actions and health problems. Asking people to give their own ideas for solving the problems. Helping people to look as their ideas so that they could see which were the most useful and the simplest to put into practice. Encouraging people to choose the idea best suited to their circumstances. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 14 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  ROLE OF NURSE IN HEALTH EDUCATION The nurse should consider following points during health education: To gain the confidence of people To arouse the interest in people about good health To motivate them to bring about changes in habits in healthy living To develop sense of responsibility among people towards good health of the whole community Motivate or encourage them to use of health services Select the subject matter according to need Nurses role/responsibilities as a health educator Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 15 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  ROLE OF NURSE IN HEALTH EDUCATION cont…. Use appropriate audio-visual aids Use opportunities of health education wisely It should be planned and continuous and implementation based on resources Nurses should come forward and take Sufficient participation and cooperation of government and voluntary agencies is essential for health education Effective communication should be maintain Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 16 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 17 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha The group members should follow some rules Express the ideas clearly. Listen to what others say. Do not interrupt when others are speaking. § Make only relevant remarks. Accept criticism gracefully. Help to reach conclusion. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 18 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  Approaches to health education 1. Regulatory approach 2. Service approach 3. Health education approach 4. Primary health care approach Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 19 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  1. Legal or Regulatory approach: It is either directly or indirectly by governmental intervention designed to alter the human behavior. For Example : The child marriage restraint in Palestine. Compulsory wearing of seat belt and helmet. Advantage simple and quick No govt. can pass legislation to eat a balanced diet or not to smoke. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 20 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  2. Service approach  It aimed at providing all the health services needed by the people at their door steps but this approach proved a failure because it was not based on felt-needs of the people.  Limitation: not based on felt needs of pepole  Eg. When water seal latrines were provided by government, free of cost, many people in rural areas did not make use of them. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 21 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  3. Health Education Approach People must be educated through planned learning experiences what to do and to be informed, educated and encouraged to make their own choice for healthy life. Problems like cessation of smoking, use of safe water supply, fertility control can be solved by health education. Health education should be started among children and young population. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 22 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  4. Primary Health Care Approach This is a new approach started from the people with their full participation and active involvement in the planning and delivery of health services. It can be done if the people receive the necessary guidance from health care providers in identifying their health problems and finding workable solutions Eg. Community involvement Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 23 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  4. Primary Health Care Approach Cont... Since individuals vary so much in their socio- economic conditions, traditions, attitudes, beliefs and level of knowledge. A single approach is not suitable Combination of approaches must be evolved depending upon local circumstances Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 24 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 25 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha Methods of Health Education Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 26 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  1) Individual Approach The health education must first create an atmosphere of friendship and allow the individual to talk as much as possible. In this individual teaching we can discuss, argue and persuade the individual to change his behaviour. But by this we can reach to a small population and who come in contact with us. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 27 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 28 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  2) Group Approach Group teaching is an effective way of educating the community. a) Chalk & Talk (Lecture) : A lecture may be defined as carefully prepared oral presentation of facts organized thoughts and ideas by a qualified person. The group should not be more than 30 and talk should not exceed 15-20 minutes. By using suitable audiovisual aids. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 29 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha b) Demonstration : A demonstration is a carefully prepared presentation to show how to perform a skill. This procedure is carried out step by step before an audience. c) Discussion method Group Discussion : For effective group discussion the group should comprise not less than 6 and not more than 12 members. There should be a group leader who initiate the subject and encourage everyone to participate and sum up the discussion in the end. There must be a recorder who prepares a report on the issues discussed. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 30 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha d) Panel Discussion : In a panel discussion 4-8 qualified persons talk about the topic. Sit and discuss a given topic in front of a large group/audience. The chairman opens the meeting. Panel comprises of a chair person and 4-8 speakers. After the main aspect of the subject are explored, the audience is invited to take part. e) Symposium : It is a series of speeches on a selected subject. Each expert person present it briefly and at the end of session the chair person make a comprehensive summary. Audience are allowed to raise question Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 31 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha f) Workshop : It consists of series of meetings usually 4 or more with emphasis on an individual work, within the group and with the help of consultants and response personnel. g) Role Playing : This is a brief acting out of an actual situation for the benefit of the audience for better understanding. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 32 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha h) Conference and Seminar Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 33 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 34 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  MASS APPROACH Mass media are a “one way ”communication. They are helpful in transmitting messages to people even in the remote places by TV, Radio, Internet, Newspaper, Printed material. Ø Direct mailing, poster, health museum exhibition and folk media. Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 35 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 36 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 37 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  Learning Assumptions: Persons at all ages have the potential to learn. May vary speed , and way they like to learn. Individual’s experiences , anxiety , environment. Attitude and behavior of instructor in classroom. The depth of learning depends on extent to which learners analyze ,clarify and articulate their experiences. Access to resources as exercised facilities help person to carry new plans of actions. Learning improve when the learner is an active participant Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 38 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  Code of Ethics for the Health Education Profession Responsibility to the public: Supports principles of self-determination and freedom of choice for the individual Responsibility to the profession: Exhibits professional behavior Responsibility to employers: Accountable for professional activities and actions Responsibility in the delivery of health education: Respects the rights, dignity, confidentiality, and worth of people Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 39 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha  Code of Ethics for the Health Education Profession cont… Responsibility in research and evaluation: Conducts oneself in accordance with federal and laws, organizational and institutional policies, and professional standards Responsibility in professional preparation: Provides quality education that benefits the profession and the public Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 40 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha Dr. Kawther Alayasa & Dr.Dua Qarqra & 41 Dr.Fadwa Mushasha