GENERAL AGRICULTURE PDF

Errorless ,xzhdYpj lkj v/;k; - 1 lkekU; d`f"k foKku (General Agriculture) Agriculture (d`f"k) (latin word, ager/agri = soil, c...

Errorless ,xzhdYpj lkj v/;k; - 1 lkekU; d`f"k foKku (General Agriculture) Agriculture (d`f"k) (latin word, ager/agri = soil, cultura = cultivation) 1. Agronomy 2. Horticulture 3. Animal Husbandary 4. Entomology (lL; foKku) (m|ku foKku) (Ik’kqikyu) (dhV foKku) Greek word Latin word Greek word (xzhd ’kCn) (ysfVu ’kCn) (xzhd ’kCn) Agros = Field Hortus = Garden Entomon = Insect Nomos = To manage Cultura = Growing Logos = Discourse i. Pomology ii. Olericulture iii. Floriculture 5. Plant Pathology (ikseksyksth) (vksysjhdYpj) (¶yksjhdYpj) (ikni jksx foKku) Latin + Greek Latin word Latin word 6. Nematology (fuesVksyksth) Ponum = Fruit Oleris = Pot herb 7. Plant Physiology (ikni dkf;Zdh) Logos = Discourse Culture = Cultivation 8. Plant Breeding & Genetics (ikni iztuu o vkauqokf’kdh) 9. Soil Science 10. Extension Education 11. Ag. Statistics (e`nk foKku) (izlkj f’k{kk) (d`f"k lkaf[;dh) Latin word Latin word 12. Ag. Economics Solum = Ground Ex = Out (d`f"k vFkZ’kkL=) Tension = Stretching 13. Biotechnology (tSo & izkS|ksfxdh) i. Pedology (isMksyksth) ii. Edaphology (bMsQksyksth) Greek word, Pedon = Soil or Earth Page 1  Errorless ,xzhdYpj lkj  ftl ’kCn ds vUr esa logy o nomy vk;s rks mldh mRifr xzhd ’kCn ls gqbZ gS] viokn ikseksyksth (Latin + Greek) gSA  ftl ’kCn ds vURk esa “culture” vkrk gS] mldh mRifr ysfVu ’kCn ls gqbZ gSA egRoiw.kZ fnol (Important days) Ø- fnol euk;k tkrk la- 1- 28 Qjojh fo'o foKku fnol (World science day) 2- 8 ekpZ fo'o efgyk fnol (world female day) 3- 15 ekpZ miHkksDrk fnol (consumer day) 4- 21 ekpZ fo'o ou fnol (world forest day) 5- 22 ekpZ fo'o ty fnol (world water day) 6- 23 ekpZ fo'o ekSle foKku fnol (world meteorology day) 7- 30 ekpZ jktLFkku fnol (Rajasthan day) 8- 7 vizsy fo'o LokLF; fnol (world health day) 9- 22 vizsy fo'o i`Foh fnol (world earth day) 10- 22 ebZ varZjkf"Vª; tSo fofo/krk fnol (Int. biodiversity day) 11- 1 twu fo'o nqX/k fnol (world milk day) 12- 5 twu fo'o Ik;kZoj.k fnol (world environment day) 21 twu fo'o ;ksx fnol (world yoga day) 13- 1 tqykbZ jkf"Vª; d`f"k fnol (national agriculture day) 14- 11 tqykbZ fo'o tula[;k fnol (world population day) 15- 16 tqykbZ Indian Council of Ag. Research/ ICAR fnol 16- 16 flrEcj fo'o vkstksu fnol (world ozone day) 17- 16 vDVwcj fo'o [kk| fnol (world food day) 18- 21 uoEcj fo’o eNyh fnol (world fish day) 19- 26 uoEcj jkf"Vª; nqX/k fnol (national milk day) 20- 3 fnlEcj d`f"k f’k{kk fnol (Ag. Edu. day)] 2016 esa ICAR }kjk ?kksf"kr 21- 4 fnlEcj d`f"k esa efgyk ;ksxnku fnol (role of female farmers in agri.) 22- 5 fnlEcj fo’o e`nk fnol (world soil day) 23- 23 fnlEcj fdlku fnol (kisan day) Page 2 Errorless ,xzhdYpj lkj egRoiw.kZ vUrjkZf"Vª; o"kZ (Important international year) Ø- la- vUrjkZf"Vª; o"kZ tkuk tkrk 1- 2004 pkoy o"kZ (Rice year) 2- 2005 HkkSfrd foKku (Physics) o lw{e forh; o"kZ (micro-finance year) 3- 2006 e:LFkyhdj.k o"kZ (Desertification year) 4- 2007 ty o"kZ (Water year) 5- 2008 vkyq o"kZ (Potato year) 6- 2009 js'kk o"kZ (Fibre year) 7- 2010 tSofofo/krk o"kZ (Bio-divsersity) 8- 2011 ou o"kZ (Forest year) 9- 2012 lgdkfjrk (Cooperative) o ckxokuh o"kZ (Horticulture year) 10- 2013 ty lg;ksx o"kZ (Water co-operation) 11- 2014 Qsfeyh QkfeZx (Family farming) 12- 2015 e`nk o"kZ (Soil year) 13- 2016 nygu o"kZ (Pulse year) 14- 2017 fVdkÅ Ik;ZVu o"kZ (Sustainable year) 15- 2018 eksVk vukt o"kZ (Coarse millet year) egRoiw.kZ Økafr;kW (Important revolution) 1- gfjr Økafr (Green revolution) :-  [kk|kUu ¼xsgwW o pkoy½ mRiknu esa o`f}  lcls igys yqf/k;kuk] i- xksnkojh] rUtkc: ¼rfeyukMq½  fo’o esa gfjr ØkfUr ds tud & N.E. cksjykWx  Hkkjr esa gfjr ØkfUr ds tud & M.S. LokehukFku  Hkkjr esa gfjr ØkfUr 1966 & 67 ¼prqFkZ iapo"khZ; ;kstuk½ esa vkbZ FkhA gfjr Økfr ls lcaf/kr Qly xsgwW o pkoy gS o lacf/k jkT; %& iatkc o gfj;k.kkA  xsgWw esa ckSusiu gsrq mrjnk;h thu :- Norin-10, isolated by Dr. Borlaug  Hkkjr eas xsgwW esa ckSusiu ds fy;s mrjnk;h thu :- Rht-1 & Rht-2, Rht-2 isolated by M.S. Swaminathan. (Rht means “reduce hight”)  pkoy esa ckSusiu dk thu %& Dee geo woo gen. Page 3 Errorless ,xzhdYpj lkj  Hkkjr esa gfjr Økafr esa fo’ks"k ;ksxnku ds fy;s C. lqcze.;e dks o"kZ 1998 esa Hkkjr jRu ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA 2- ihyh Øakfr (Yellow Revolution) :- frygu mRiknu ¼ljlksa o lqjteq[kh½ esa o`f}  ihyh Økafr ds firkekg %& Sam Pitroda 3- lQsn Øakfr (White Revolution) :- nq/k o nq/k mRikn mRiknu esa o`f}  Hkkjr esa ’osr Økafr ds firkekg %& V. dqfj;u (Ist chairman of NDDB)  Hkkjr esa vkWijs’ku ¶yM 1970 ls 1996 rd rhu pj.kksa eas pykA 4- Cyw Øakfr (Blue Revolution) :- eNyh o leqnzh mRikn esa o`f}] ’kq:vkr 1960 esa  Hkkjr esa ’osr Økafr ds firkekg %& Dr. v:.k d`".kk 5- xqykch Øakfr (Pink Revolution) :- >haxk (prawn) o I;kt (onion) mRiknu esa o`f} 6- /kwlj Øakfr (Grey Revolution) :- moZjd (fertilizer) mRiknu esa o`f} 7- Hkwjh Øakfr (Brown Revolution) :- [kk| izlaLdj.k (food processing) mRiknu esa o`f} 8- jtr Øakfr (Silvery Revolution) :- v.Mk@iksYVªh mRiknu esa o`f} 9- dkyh Øakfr (Black Revolution) :- ck;ksMhty@tSo bZ/ku@tsVªksik mRiknu esa o`f} 10- cSxuh Øakfr (Violet Revolution) :- Woolen products ls lacf/kr 11- yky Øakfr (Red Revolution) :- ekal o VekVj mRiknu esa o`f}  Hkkjr esa yky Økafr ds firkekg %& fo’kky frokjh 12- xksy Øakfr (Round Revolution) :- vkyw mRiknu esa o`f} 13- lqugjh Øakfr (Golden Revolution) :- Qy mRiknu ls lacf/kr 14- vksjtas Øakfr (Orange Revolution) :- uhacw oxhZ; Qyksa ls lacf/kr 15- bnz/kuq"k Øakfr (Rainbow Revolution) :- d`f"k ds lHkh {kS=ksa eas mRiknu esa o`f}A  Hkkjr esa bUnz/kuq"k Økafr ds firkekg %& furh’k dqekj 16- ijHkuh Øakfr (Prabhani Revolution) :- fHk.Mh mRiknu ls lacf/krA 17- lexz Øakfr ifjdYiuk (Total Revolution Concept) :- t; izdk’k ukjk;.k us nhA jktk o jkuh (King & Queen)  vuktksa dk jktk (King of cereal crop) :- xsgWw (Wheat)  vuktksa dh jkuh (Queen of cereal crop) :- eDdk (Maize)  eksVs vuktks dk jktk (King of coarse cereal) :- Tokj (Sorghum)  nyguksa dk jktk (King of pulses) :- puk (Gram/chickpea) Page 4 Errorless ,xzhdYpj lkj  nyguksa dh jkuh (Queen of pulses) :- eVj (Pea)  fryguksa dk jktk (King of oilseeds) :- eqaxQyh (Groundnut)  fryguksa dh jkuh (Queen of oilseeds) :- fry (Til)  Qykas dk jktk (King of fruits) :- vke (Mango)  Qykas dh jkuh (Queen of fruits) :- yhaph@esaxksLVhu (Litchi)  ’khrks".k Qykas dk jktk (King of temperate fruits) :- lso (Apple)  elkyksa dk jktk (King of spices) :- dkyh fepZ (Black pepper)  elkyksa dh jkuh (Queen of spices) :- NksVh bZyk;ph (Cardamom)  lfCt;ksa dk jktk (King of vegetables) :- vkyq (Potato)  lfCt;ksa dh jkuh (Queen of vegetables) :- fHk.Mh (Okra/Lady finger)  xjhc euq";ksa gsrq ekal (Meat for poor men’s ) :- lks;kchu (Soybean)  vdky laj{k.k (Famine reserves) :- feysVl (Millets)  pkjs okyh QLkyksa dk jktk (King of fodder crops) :- cjlhe (Berseem)  pkjs okyh Qlykas dh jkuh (Queen of fodder crops) :- fjtdk (Lucern)  okuLifrd ekal (Vegetable meat) :- paoyk (Cowpea)  xjhc euq";ksa dk Qy (Poor men’s fruit) :- csj (Ber)  xjhc euq";kas dk ?kh (Poor men’s ghee) :- fry dk rsy (Oil of Til)  xjhc euq";ksa dk fe= (Poor men’s friend) :- vkyq (Potato)  xjhc euq";ksa dk Hkkstu (Poor men’s food) :- cktjk (Pearl-millet)  ’kq"d o v}Z’kq"d Qyksa dk jktk (King of arid & semi-arid fruits) :- csj (Ber)  Egg plant/Eubergin :- cSxu (Brijal)  Qwyksa dk jktk (King of flower) :- xqykc (Rose)  Hkkjr esa xjhc euq";ksa dk larjk o baXyS.M dk love of apple :- VekVj  phu dk tknqbZ Qy (Miracle fruit of China) :- fdoh Qy (Kiwi fruit)  vesfjdk dk ihyk lksuk (Yellow gold of America) :- lks;kchu (Soybean)  Backbone of America :- eDdk (Maize)  dkaVs;qDr fryguh QLky (Thorny oilseed crop) :- dqlqe (Safflower) Page 5 Errorless ,xzhdYpj lkj egRoiw.kZ ’kCnkoyh (Important Terminology) Qly pØ (Crop rotation) :-  ,d gh [ksr esa nks ;k nks ls vf/kd Qlyksa dks gsjQsj dj cksukA vUrjk’kL; (Intercropping) :-  nks ;k nks ls vf/kd Qlyksa dks vyx & vyx ifDr;ksa eas cksuk fefJr Qly (Mixed cropping) :-  nks ;k nks ls vf/kd Qlyksa ds chtks dks feykdj cksukA fefJr [ksrh (Mixed farming) :-  Qlyksa ds lkFk Ik’kqikyu] ckxokuh] eqxhZikyu bR;kfn djukA eksuksØkWfiax (Monocropping) :- ,d gh Qly dh ckj & ckj cqokbZ djukA ’kq} QLky (Sole crop) :- fdlh Qly dh ,d gh fdLe dh cqokbZ djukA vfojke [ksrh (Relay cropping) :-  igyh QLky dh dVkbZ ls iwoZ nwljh QLky dh cqokbZ djukA ys&QkfeZx (Lay farming) :- Qlyksa ds lkFk ?kklksa dh [ksrh djukA ,jscy ØkWi (Arable crop) :-  og Qly ftlds fy;s Hkwifj"dj.k vko’;d gksrk gSA mnk- vkyq] xUuk] eDdk vkfnA ,ys ØkWi (Alley crop) :- xfy;kjks esa mxkbZ tkus okyh QlysAa  mnkgj.k %& ;wdsfyIVl] ccwy bR;kfn dh ifr;ksa ds e/; es mMn mxkukA Augmenting crop :-  eq[; Qlyksa dh mRiknu {kerk ckfM;ksa dk v/;;u  vohZdYpj (Arviculture) :- Qlyksa dk v/;;u  vksysjhDypj (Olericulture) :- lfCt;ksa dk v/;;u  vksyohdYpj (Oliveculture) :- tSrqu dh [ksrh  lh;ksykWth (Tsiology) :- pk; dh [ksrh  lhj;ksyksth (Seriology) :- Qly pØ dk v/;;u  lsjhdYpj (Sericultue) :- js’ke dhV dh [ksrh  ,fidYpj (Apiculture) :- e/kqeD[kh ikyu  eksjhdYpj (Moriculture) :- ‘’kgrwr dh [ksrh  ysddYpj (Lac culture) :- yk[k ds dhV dh [ksrh  oehZdYpj (Vermiculture) :- dsp a qvk ikyu  fifldYpj (Pissiculture) ;k ,DokdYpj (Aquculture) :- eNyh ikyu Page 7 Errorless ,xzhdYpj lkj  jksfxax (Roughing) :- vokafNr ikS/kksa dks [ksr ls gVkuk  fFkfuax (Thinning) :- ikS/kksa dh la[;k dks fu;af=r djus ds fy;s vuko’;d ikS/kksa dks gVkukA  >wfex [ksrh (Jhuming ultivation) :- Hkwfe dks cny&cny dj Qly dks cksukA  D;wfjax (Curing) :- ueh gVkuk] mnkgj.k %& rEckdw] pk;] I;kt] yglqu  LVªhfiax (Stripping) :- twV] lubZ] vylh ls MBay gVkukA  jsfa Vx (Retting) :- lMkuk] twV o lubZ esa dh tkrh gSA  fufiax (Nipping) :- ikS/ks ds ’kh"kZLFk Hkkx dks gVkuk] puk o vj.Mh eas fd;k tkrk gSA  izksfiax (Propping) :- dsyk o xUuk esa  feV~Vh p