ICDL Practice - Computer Essentials PDF

# 1.Computer skills Mock: ICDL Practice - Computer Essentials - Syllabus 1.0 (Windows 10, Word 2019) 1. * **ICT**: information and communication technology: science that uses computers and other electronic devices associated with technology to **store, process** and **transmit** information *...

# 1.Computer skills Mock: ICDL Practice - Computer Essentials - Syllabus 1.0 (Windows 10, Word 2019) 1. * **ICT**: information and communication technology: science that uses computers and other electronic devices associated with technology to **store, process** and **transmit** information * Examples: * Computer * Wireless payments * Mobile phone * Internet * **Information technology**: data treatment through electronic devices. **Tools, technologies** and **logic** concerning information's automatic treatment * **Communication technology**: all tools that allow digital **information's exchange** and **sharing** * **Hardware**: the physical part of the computer (mouse, keyboard) * **Software**: the applications * Types of computers: * Personal Computer(PC): office, medium cost, past time functionality * Notebook or laptops: can be transported, used without power supply, low performance, high cost * Tablets: touch screen, more portable, contain camera * Devices: * Smart phone * Media players * Send videos and play songs * Digital camera * Transport to computer * Hardware elements * **Processor - Computer's brain:** allows execution of calculation and operations of user and software and controls all apps and process * Components: * ALU - Data elaboration * CU - coordination and control * Cache memory - temporary memory (register and bus) * Speed:(power of device) * Calculated by internal clock beats (**Hertz**) * 1 Hertz: could only perform one operation cycle at a time * Memory: * Facility in which facility is able to store data that are necessary for the operations of the computer * RAM: central memory * Temporarily store data related to operations, processes and files * Can be wiped if computer is shut down or turned off or loss of electricity * Volatile memory * Quick access space * Word - loaded in Word * Size: measured in mega or gigabytes(usually 4) * Mass memory: stores permanently large memory * Recorded until user deleted * Stable * Different features according to capacity, speed and portability * Memory cards, DVD * Speeds up execution of apps * Peripherals: allow user to interact by inputting data and obtaining result * Connected through cables * Input peripherals * Allow to insert data * Keyboard * Mouse pad * Webcam * Output peripherals: * Obtain result from computer * Screen/monitor (main): size measured in inches * LCD * Printer * Laser * Inject * Dock market * Loud speaker * Connection ports * PC have several * USB and HDMI * USB: pen drives, media players, mouse * Standard, mini, micro * HDMI: transfer of audio signals * Software * Intangible part of the computer that allows the computer to carry out specific functions * Interact with user, serf web and send emails * Set of instructions written in one or more programming languages * Operating system * Manages basic operations * Resources of electronic device * RAM memory from launch * Main part (Kernel) * File system * Virtual memory * Peripherals manager; interaction with peripherals * Spooler; printer * Scheduler * User interface; interactions with users * Main task is interface for users * Graphical user interface: interaction is simplified * Window operating system progression since * MAC OS * Linux * Unix * iOS * Android * Windows * Apps * Software not part of operating system and installed to satisfy needs of users * Office: Word processing, spreadsheets, presentation applications, database * Apps exist all: browser, email, image processing, multimedia processing, social networks, apps, video games * Licensing * Software must be licensed through contract * Contract: user license agreement (displayed on screen when we first install - I agree) * Duplication, modification and resale are prohibited * Proprietary license: most common, excludes all rights including the possibility of modification * Open source software: use software but can also change and improve it. Study and modify code to specific needs * Shareware licenses: tested for a specific period of time. Sometimes don't always include complete license or stop using * Freeware application: totally free, copied and distributed but can't modify or study code * Trial applications: demonstrative versions of software, limited in functionality Start a computer * Power button * Monitor and computer can have diff power buttons * Username and password; protect user * Shut down; close all files and programs, and turn off/shut down 2. * Taskbar: manages several operations * Windows button, quick launch (chrome), applications (apps), language, notification area * Right click → properties → modify * All programs; indicates all programs downloaded * Windows: open files and folders * shows active applications, files and folder * Desktop: displays income for files, folders and app * Language: settings → add → select language → select ok * Hidden items; issues * icons that represent files, folders and shortcuts * Shortcuts: * Right click → new → shortcut → browse command → name for shortcut * Right click app → menu → send to → desktop → create shortcut * Operating system * Frame called window * Menu bar → sub menu → drop down menu * Toolbar; most common part * Ribbon; most used commands * Status bar; serious of messages appear there at the bottom * Expand * Restore * Start → help and support * Start → control panel → adjust computer settings; view and verify basic systems → systems and security → systems * Computer → properties * 1-7.9; basic functions * Processor speed and RAM memory * Start → control panel → clock language region → set time and date * Desktop settings → personalise → change desktop background → Adjust screen resolution * Keyboard language → change keyboard * Start Task manager to end task * Programs → uninstall * USB connection uninstalling * Reject media icon * Eject USB 3. * Screenshot: * STAMP * Print screen, prt sc * Alt + stamp; capture active window * Snipping tool → accessories * Notepad (accessories on startup) * Ctrl x to cut * Printers * Hardware and founds → printer * Add local printer → next → select chosen * Right click and set as default printer 4. * Computer of windows explore * Folder icon in quick launch * Start → accessories → windows explorer (OR computer) * Organise → layout → details pane * View → status bar * Storage media * Hard disk: fixed memory (high performances) * portable, media performance * External hard disk * Storage, need power and not convent for transfer * CD; worst performances * DVD; higher storage and faster speed * Blu-ray; more gigabytes, guarantee higher speed * Memory card; rewritable storage media, high performance, low price, store a lot of gigabytes * connect associated device to computer (open flash or penn drives: small cheap and easy to transport) * Online free storage; easy to access, risks with private information (google drive) * Binary number system (0 and 1); sequence of 8 bites are bytes * Operation memory; multiples of bytes * Compression: select files → send to → compress zipper folder (contains compressed folder) 5. * Computer networks: system of communication between two or more computers; share information and access data and devices securely * Connected with cables (wired) or without (wireless) using radio waves * Exchange information * Share hardware and software * Data security and virus infection * Client/server: networks where one or more computer is powerful (server), resources are at disposal of other computers on the network (clients) * Peer to peer: a computer can be both server and client * Extensions: * Wired: * LAN (local): few computers in limited area * MAN (metropolitan): network one or more closed cities * WAN (wide): large geographical distance * Internet: set of computer networks spread worldwide and connected together through lines and means of transmission to communicate with one another (network of network) * WWW; information space where documents and web resources are interlinked by hypertext links * E-mail; messaging exchange * Instant messaging (IM); send and receive short messages * VoIP; phone calls * Wireless: * WPAN: personal device * WLAN: Wifi * Wireless WAN: large distance * Intranet: * Connected through internal network: * Same tech as internet * Share data and information * VPN: * Private telecommunications network set up using public infrastructure * Virtual network; username and password * Data transfer rate: (bps, kps, mbsp, gbps) * Download: data or a file is transferred from network to local PC (download file) * Upload: PC to a network (upload picture) * Internet subscription: evaluate different costs in relation to the services offered * Type of connection * Telephone line * MODEM (hardware between computer and internet) * Transforms computer digital signals into analog signals * Modulation and demodulation: name of operations based on transmission and receptions of data * ISP: internet connection through subscriptions * Dial up modems; slow transmission of data, during connection, not possible to receive or make calls * Speed of connection * ISDN * Connect to the internet leaving phone line free to receive or make calls (64 kbps) * ADSL * Telephone line to transmit voice and data at high speed * 20 mbps * Internet and use phone at the same time * Need: regular phone wire, modem adsl and a filter * Using optical fibers to improve connection time (high speed, flat rate and always connected) but high cost and greater fragility * Limitation on the amount of data that is downloaded * Satellite broadband for isolated places * Mobile connections; mobile devices, wifi * WiMax: broadband connections in areas which telephone operators do not find worthwhile to create optical fiber networks 6. Data protection * Unauthorised people accessing data; data loss, malfunctions, viruses etc. * Connected to a network increases risk * Avoid: * Passwords * Don't share, change regularly, complicated password, data not linked to user, adequate mix * Firewall * Hardware of software device that analyses and filters output and input data; identifies and blocks damaging data * Safety system with the goal to prevent a malware intrusion or that outsiders can access data * Personal firewall used by citizens(internal software) * Open control panel and select windows firewall * Backups * Back up copy on removable or online storage media if lost * Periodic backup can be managed by automatic softwares (place in diff locations) * Updated software * Security and antivirus, operating system and installed apps * Windows update Malware: Software created with purpose to infiltrate and cause damage to electronic devices to access reserved information * Viruses; installed without our knowledge to replicate and spread themselves autonomously. Transferred using file transfer * Worms: infect computer and change operating system to run at every start; affect functionalities and can install backdoor (outsiders to access control) and keylogger (malware to record the users type) * Trojans: penetrate computer hidden in other programs and begin to gather confidential information * Spywares: spy on computer and gather information such as password or users habits * Infect by: * Opening file downloaded * File attached to non-secure email * Infected file save in USB * External memory drives * Protect: * DONT * Download files from non reliable * Open unreliable email * Open unknown attachments * DO * Disable automatic execution of macros * Install anti-virus * Signals of infection: * Browser home page is reset * Popup windows * Browser open automatically * Windows opened with command * Emails sent to all addresses * Anti-virus: scans computer and files at startup → scans files/removable media → computer protection whilst surfing web * Manual scan (scan command after disk) * Suggest procedure; disinfect, quarantine or delete file * Format hard-disk, delete contents and reload contents in order to reuse device Ergonomics * Machines and work environments * Every 15 mins look away, regular breaks, lightning * Perpendicular to screen, adjust chair * Intelligent use important to reduce energy use * Switch off computer * Energy saving modes (power options in control panel) * Recycle * Disabilities: * Voice recognition to issue commands * Screen readers * Screen magnifies * Screen keyboard (can't press button) * All programs → accessories → ease of access