Cells and Their Organelles - Biology Notes PDF

CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELL ES SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES THE HUMAN BODY IS CELL ORGANELLES SELECT, CONSTRUCT AND USE COMPRISED OF CELLS, MAINTAIN LIFE APPROPRIATE TISSUES AND ORGANS PROCESSES AND REPRESENTATIONS, INCLUDING WITHIN COMPLEX REQUIRE THE INPU...

CELLS AND THEIR ORGANELL ES SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES THE HUMAN BODY IS CELL ORGANELLES SELECT, CONSTRUCT AND USE COMPRISED OF CELLS, MAINTAIN LIFE APPROPRIATE TISSUES AND ORGANS PROCESSES AND REPRESENTATIONS, INCLUDING WITHIN COMPLEX REQUIRE THE INPUT OF LABELLED DIAGRAMS AND SYSTEMS THAT WORK MATERIALS AND THE IMAGES OF VARIOUS CELLS, TOGETHER TO MAINTAIN REMOVAL OF WASTES TISSUES AND ORGAN SYSTEMS, LIFE TO SUPPORT EFFICIENT TO COMMUNICATE FUNCTIONING OF THE CONCEPTUAL CELL UNDERSTANDING, SOLVE PROBLEMS AND MAKE PREDICTIONS  CELLS All organisms (including humans) are made of individual units called cells. Many cells of the same type working together is called a tissue. Different tissues working together is called an organ. Different organs working together is called a body system. 4   Within cells are specialised “organs” called organelles. ORGANELL ES  Each organelle has a specific role in the functioning of the cell. Please fill in this worksheet as we work through the PowerPoint:  7 Nucleus  Contains cellular DNA and is responsible for control of cellular functions.  Surrounded by nuclear envelope (controls what enters and exits nucleus) which contains nuclear pores.  14 Nucleolus  A dense region within the nucleus which contains cellular RNA.  RNA is required for transcription (protein synthesis step 1).  15 Ribosome  Site for translation (protein synthesis step 2).  Can be found on rough endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm  13 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum  Location for protein synthesis and then transport. Chemical reactions also occur on the membranes.  Consists of ribosomes connected to flattened sacks.  Connected to nuclear membrane.  12 Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum  Transport system for cell and site of chemical reactions.  Can synthesize lipids and detoxify drugs and alcohol.  Consists of flattened sacks WITHOUT ribosomes.  3 Mitochondria  Produce energy (ATP) through aerobic cellular respiration.  Glucose + Oxygen => Carbon Dioxide + Water + Heat + ATP  2 Golgi Body  Packages molecules into vesicles (1) for transport around the cell or around the body.  Also packages unnecessary/hazardous molecules into lysosomes.  1 Lysosome  Double membraned organelle which digests worn out organelles, hazardous chemicals, etc using the enzyme lysozyme.  Produced by golgi bodies.  4 Centriole  Creates spindle for chromosomes to attach to during cellular reproduction (mitosis and meiosis).  5 Cell Membrane  A selectively permeable biphospholipid membrane that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.  Allows for intercellular communication.  Provides receptor sites for cell-specific chemicals such as hormones.  6 Cytoplasm  Jelly-like substance that takes up remaining space in cell.  Location for chemical reactions including anaerobic cellular respiration.  Contains proteins, salts, ribosomes and organelles. Animal Cell