OSH Standards PDF

an sm i rO Domain 9 Low & Ethics es od g.M En 13 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Regulations...

an sm i rO Domain 9 Low & Ethics es od g.M En 13 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Regulations an Encourage employers and employees to reduce workplace hazards and to implement new or improve existing safety and health standards. Provide for research in occupational safety and health and develop innovative ways of dealing with occupational safety sm and health problems. Establish “separate but dependent responsibilities and rights” for employers and employees for the achievement of better safety and health conditions. Maintain a reporting and record keeping system to monitor rO job related injuries and illnesses; establish training programs to increase the number of competent occupational safety and health personnel. Develop mandatory job safety and health standards and enforce them effectively. i es OSHA has no legal jurisdiction or authority for "withdrawal" or shutting down a work site. Inspections priorities: od Imminent danger situations Catastrophes and fatal accidents OSHA Inspections and Process Employee complaints employer must: Programmed high-hazard inspections.M Follow-up inspections Be advised by the compliance officer of the reason for the inspection. g Require identification of the OSHA compliance officer. Accompany the compliance officer on the inspection. En Be assured of the confidentiality of any trade secrets observed by an OSHA compliance officer during an inspection. 14 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  An employer must enter each recordable injury or illness on the 300 and 301 incident report with 7 seven calendar days of receiving information that a recordable injury or illness has occurred. Area Director who determines whether he or she will issue a citation or propose penalties. Area Director to send all citations via certified mail. Employer must post the citation for 3 days or until the violation has an been abated, whichever is longer. OSHA Citation Penalties sm Other-than-Serious A violation that has a direct relationship to job safety and health but probably would Violation not cause death or serious physical harm. penalty from $0 to $1000 A violation where there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical Serious Violation harm could result. penalty from $1500 to $7000 rO A violation that the employer intentionally and knowingly commits. The employer is aware that a hazardous condition exists, knows that the condition violates a standard or other obligation of the Act, and makes no reasonable effort to eliminate it. penalty from$5000 to$70,000. Willful Violation An employer who is convicted in a criminal proceeding of a willful violation of a standard that has resulted in the death of an employee may be fined up to $250,000 (or $500,000 if the employer is a corporation) or imprisoned up to 6 months, or both. A violation of any standard, regulation, rule, or order where, upon reinspection, a Repeated Violation substantially similar violation is found and the original citation has become a final i order. fine of up to $70,000 for each such violation with the previous 3 years. es Failure to Abate Failure to correct a prior violation may bring a civil penalty of up to $7000 for each Violation day that the violation continues beyond the prescribed abatement date. Falsifying records, reports, or applications. $10,000 or up to 6 months in jail, or both. od Potential Other Violating posting requirements may bring a civil penalty of $7000. Assaulting a compliance officer or otherwise resisting, opposing, intimidating, or interfering Penalties with a compliance officer in the performance of his or her duties. fine of not more than $5000 and imprisonment for not more than 3 years..M Types of Standards Are those standards that apply to all industries and employers. e.g, fire prevention Horizontal Standards and protection.and respiratory regulation. g En Are those standards that apply only to particular industries and employers. Vertical Standards Standards that apply only to the construction industry. Specify the end result to be achieved, not the methodology used to achieve it.e.g Performance Standards HAZCOM Specification Standards Are fixed requirements stipulating dimensions, materials, types, etc. Guardrails 15 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Types of Persons Defined as someone who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or an Competent Person dangerous to employees, and who has the authorization to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate them. Someone approved by the employer to perform a specific type of duty or duties or Authorized Person to be at a specific location at the job site. sm The one who assigned by the employer to perform a specific type of duty or duties Designated Person or to be at a specific location at the job site. Is one who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional Qualified Person standing, or by extensive knowledge, training, and experience, has successfully rO demonstrated their ability to solve problems of the subject matter or project. i es od g.M En 16 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Record Keeping An employer must enter each recordable injury or illness on the 300 and 301 incident report with seven calendar days of receiving information that a recordable injury or illness has occurred. an OSHA 300 form is called the Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses. 300-A form is the Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses. OSHA 301 form is called the Injury and Illness Incident Report. sm Privacy Cases Annual Summary The OSHA 300-A form is signed by representative and posted in a conspicuous location no later than February 1. rO An injury or illness to an intimate body part or the OSHA 300-A form shall remain posted until April reproductive system 30th. An injury or illness resulting from a sexual assault OSHA 300 logs shall be maintained for a period of Mental illnesses 5 years HIV infection, hepatitis, or tuberculosis Needlestick injuries and cuts from sharp objects that i When an authorized government es are contaminated with another person’s blood or other potentially infectious materials representative asks for the records.it must Other illnesses if the employee voluntarily requests provide within 4 business hours. that his or her name not be entered on the log. Reporting Fatalities within 8 h after the death. reporting must be orally by telephone or in od person to the Area Office of the OSHA. Exception for reporting motor vehicle accident occurring on a public road. Recordable Injuries or Illnesses If resulted in :.M Recordable Injuries or Illnesses If resulted in : Death Days away from work Restricted work or transfer to another job g Medical treatment beyond first aid Total Case Incident Rates:TCIR Loss of consciousness En Injury or illness diagnosed by a physician or other licensed health care professional. Days Away, Restricted, or Transfer Rates: (DART) Severity Rates 17 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Workers’ Compensation Employer defenses an The employees accepted the risk they were facing when they accepted the Assumption of Risk job. By doing so, they gave up any right to collect compensation for injuries. Since the employees contributed to their injuries, regardless of how little, Contributory Negligence the employees are not permitted to recover compensation for their injuries sm The employer is not at fault because the accident was the fault of another Fellow-Servant Rule employee or other employees. Injuries categories Partial Total i rO When the employee can still work but is unable to perform all duties of the job because of the injury, as would often be the case with a broken finger or a severed toe. When the employee is unable to work or perform substantial duties on the job, as would often be the case with a severe back injury or blindness es When the employee is expected to fully recover, as would be the case with a broken Temporary limb or a sprain When the employee will suffer the effects of the injury from now on, as would be Permanent the case with a severed limb, blindness, or permanent hearing loss od Workers’ compensation premiums were calculated using the Standard Industrial Classification codes for a particular business or.M industry. expressed in dollars per $100 of payroll. Primary role of safety professional in relation to loss-free period. A period is usually a rolling, 3-year average. workers’ compensation is to ensure that there EMR exists a viable safety program that ensures the safety and health of the employee. g Statistics show that claims reported late Adjusted Actual Losses: determined by an additional cost, on the average, 60% more than claims formula that has a stabilizing effect. reported early. En Expected Losses :are calculated by multiplying the payrolls One of the best ways to manage workers’ in each applicable classification of the insured’s employees compensation costs is to develop a Return-To- by an expected loss ratio factor published for each Work/Light Duty Policy/Program for your classification in each state. specific company. Most states require employers with five or Ballast: is an amount that is added to both the numerator more employees to maintain workers’ and denominator of the EMR to dampen the swings compensation insurance or be self-insured. between large credits and large debits. Unity modification.(1.0)” A unity modification means that no credit or debit is applied to the insured’s rates. 18 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  The specifics of the return-to-work/light Return-to-Work/Light duty policy/program depend entirely Duty Program on the restrictions placed on the employee by the medical provider. Benefits an Generally gets employees back to work 50% Helps control medical costs by as much as 70% faster Reduces indemnity costs Speeds recovery up to three times sm Less abuse of workers’ compensation system Reduces vocational rehabilitation Improves morale/employee relations Reduces degree of permanent partial disability Improved work ethic Reduces possibility of reinjury upon return Enhanced company image Employee’s wage loss drastically minimized (full Less litigation wages vs. 66.7%) Effective program involves i rO Any return-to-work/light-duty program should be put es Identification of potential jobs for modified duty in writing and communicated to all employees. When Early reporting of injuries and illnesses communicating the program/policy to the employees, Accident investigation it is helpful to emphasize the company's commitment Communications between the employer, the to get injured employees back to productive work as od injured employee, the quickly as possible. It is essential that a trusting relationship be established with the medical provider, medical provider, and the insurance company and companies should communicate frequently and Education of employees and supervisors openly with that provider..M Insurance contract sections g The declarations section is the first section of an insurance contract and states who and En what risks or property are covered by the contract. The conditions section lists provisions that must be met or the claim can be denied by the insurer. The exclusions section takes coverage away for some types of risk. For example, a homeowner's policy may exclude for floods. 19 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  LIABILITY an Warranty Negligence Strict Liability sm Addresses the performance of a Involves the conduct or behavior Deals with characteristics of product on implied or expressed of a person or corporate body, products that are unreasonably claims made for it by the something they did or failed to dangerous and defective. e.g If manufacturer or seller. do. the product causes harm to a user. The plaintiff does not have includes acts of omission to prove that a defect or (failure to act) or commission plaintiff does not have to rO unreasonable danger existed in (performing an act). prove breach of warranty. the product. Express warranty: is when a seller makes expressed claims about a product for advertising and i sales. In an express warranty claim, the plaintiff only needs to establish that the product did not es meet the seller’s expressed claims, which resulted in an injury. Implied warranty: is a breach of contract law and is when the buyer is injured while using the product as intended. Implied warranty is divided into 1) merchantability (product is fit for ordinary purposes for which such products are used) and 2) fitness for a particular purpose. od DEFECTS g.M Instructions and Design Manufacturing Warnings En Unreasonably dangerous Involve poor quality materials or Warnings identify dangers characteristics of a product resulting shoddy workmanship. Some inherent to the product or dangers from decisions, calculations, involve production irregularities that may result from its use or drawings, or specification of the and errors. misuse. Instructions explain how design process. to use a product effectively or usually result from inadequate safely. Instructions explain what FACTORS: selection of material. quality control, testing, and actions one must take to eliminate cost, durability, function, inspection or from errors in or reduce the likelihood of injury maintenance, appearance assembly. during use of a product. 20 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  an sm i rO es An employer is required to establish and maintain an accurate record for each employee with occupational exposure. This record includes all of the following:  The name and social security number of the employee od  A copy of the employee's hepatitis B vaccination status  The employer's copy of the health care professional's written opinion  A copy of the information provided to the health care professional  A copy of all results of examinations, medical testing, and follow-up procedures g.M En 21 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  an sm i rO OSHA STANDARDS es od g.M En 22 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) an Purpose Written program content To ensure that the hazards of all A list of the hazardous chemicals known to be present using a chemicals produced or imported are product identifier that is referenced on the appropriate SDS classified and that information sm The methods the employer will use to inform employees of the concerning the classified hazards is hazards of nonroutine tasks. transmitted to employers and Where other employers in same place are affected.the employer employees. who produce chemical shall ensure that the hazard communication programs developed and implemented are transmitted to those employees and employers. Container shall be labeled, tagged, or marked with the following: i rO Training es Product identifier Signal word Hazard statement(s) Pictogram(s) At the time of their initial assignment and whenever a new od Precautionary statement(s) physical or health hazard. Manufacture information Shall include: (address, contact info..etc ) Methods and observations may use to detect the presence or release of hazardous chemicals in the work area. The physical and health hazards of the chemicals in the work area.M The measure employees can take to protect themselves The details of the hazard communication program developed by the employer g En 23 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Bloodborne Pathogen Standard (29 CFR 1910.1030) an The employer shall make available the hepatitis B Written Exposure Control Plan vaccine and vaccination series to all employees. Should an employee refuse to take the hepatitis B vaccine, the employer is required to obtain a The exposure determination. written statement of his or her refusal. sm The schedule and method of implementation for Methods of Compliance, HIV and HBV Research Laboratories and Production Facilities, Hepatitis B Vaccination and Postexposure Evaluation and Follow-up, Communication of Hazards to Employees, and Record Keeping. Plan shall be reviewed and updated at least annually rO and whenever necessary Medical Records contain The name and social security number of the employee A copy of the employee’s hepatitis B vaccination status i annually and whenever necessary es A copy of all results of examinations, medical testing, Training Records and follow-up procedures The employer’s copy of the health care professional’s written opinion The dates of the training sessions od A copy of the information provided to the health care The contents or a summary of the training sessions professional The names and qualification of persons conducting the training Record to be maintained at least the duration of The names and job titles of all persons attending the employment plus 30 years. training sessions.M Training records shall be maintained for 3 years g En 24 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Control of Hazardous Energy Standard (29 CFR 1910.147) an sm i rO es od g.M En 25 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  an sm i rO es Energy Control Program Periodic Inspection(annually) od Date of the Employees Energy included Employee inspection in inspectionn control training procedures.M Machine or Inspector Periodic equipment Certification inspections ideentify the: g Training and Communication En Recognition of applicable hazardous energy sources, the type Retraining shall be provided for all authorized and and magnitude of the energy available in the workplace, and affected employees. the methods and means necessary for energy isolation and The employer shall certify that employee training control has been accomplished Purpose and use of the energy control procedure certification shall contain each employee’s name Prohibition relating to attempts to restart or reenergize and dates of training machines or equipment that are locked or tagged out. 26 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Confined Space Entry Standard (29 CFR 1910.146) Standard does not apply to agriculture, construction, or shipyard employment. an sm i rO es od g.M En 27 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Written Entry Program : The employer shall: Implement the measures necessary to prevent unauthorized entry Identify and evaluate the hazards of permit spaces before the employee enters them Develop and implement the means, procedures, and practices necessary for safe permit space entry operations an Entry Permits sm The permit space to be entered Date and the authorized duration of the entry permit Purpose of the entry rO Authorized entrants by name Attendant name Entry supervisor (by name) Measures to isolate the permit space and to eliminate or control permit space hazards before entry i es Training: od For employee to acquire the understanding, knowledge, and skills Training shall be provided to each affected employee before the employee is first assigned duties Training shall be provided to each affected employee before the employee is first assigned duties.M The certification shall contain each employee’s name, the signatures or initial of the trainers, and the dates of training. g En 28 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Personal Protective Equipment (29 CFR 1910.132) Application: an PPE for eyes, face, head, and extremities; protective clothing; respiratory devices; and protective shield and barriers. The Final Rule does not require an employer to provide normal safety boots or shoes, but does require the employer to provide specialty boots. Where employees provide their own PPE the employer shall be responsible to assure its sm adequacy, including proper maintenance and sanitation of such equipment. When PPE is necessary What PPE is necessary Training: rO How to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE Limitations of the PPE Proper care, maintenance and useful life, and disposal of the PPE i es od g.M En 29 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Respiratory Protection Standard (29 CFR 1910.134) Purpose: The purpose of Standard is to control those occupational diseases caused by breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors. an sm i rO es od g.M En Why respirator protection is necessary and how improper wearing or use can compromise the protection received Training: Limitations and capabilities of the respirator and cartridge (filter) Inspection and maintenance procedures Cleaning, disinfecting, and storage procedures Proper wear of the respirator Retraining shall be administered annually 30 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Respiratory Protection Program Procedures for selecting respirators for use in the workplace an Medical evaluations of employees required to use respirators Fit testing procedures Procedures for proper use of respirators Procedures and schedules for cleaning, disinfecting, storing, inspecting, repairing, discarding, and otherwise maintaining respirators sm Procedures to ensure adequate air quality, quantity, and flow of breathing air for atmosphere-supplying respirators Training required for respirator usage Procedures for evaluating the effectiveness of the program i rO es od g.M En 31 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Fall Protection Standard (29 CFR 1926.500–503) (Subpart M) Application: Construction work areas Do not apply when employees are making inspection, investigation, or assessment of workplace conditions prior to the actual start of construction work or after all construction an work has been completed. sm i rO es od g.M En 32 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH  Nature of fall hazards in the work area Training: Correct procedures for erecting, maintaining, disassembling, and inspecting fall protection systems to be used Use and operation of guardrail systems, personal fall arrest systems, safety net systems, warning line systems, safety monitoring systems, controlled access zones, and other protection to be used an The role of each employee in the safety monitoring system in which this system is used The limitations on the use of mechanical equipment during the performance of roofing work on low-sloped roofs sm Correct procedures for the handling and storage of equipment and materials and the erection of overhead protection The role of employers in fall protection plans i rO es od g.M En 33 Modesir Osman -IdipNEBOSH