OHS Standards Module 4 PDF

Module 4: OHS Standards Prepared by: Engr. Orlando M. Malaca “IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11058 ENTITLED “AN ACT STRENGTHENING COMPLIANCE WITH OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF”...

Module 4: OHS Standards Prepared by: Engr. Orlando M. Malaca “IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11058 ENTITLED “AN ACT STRENGTHENING COMPLIANCE WITH OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS THEREOF” BUREAU OF WORKING CONDITIONS Department of Labor andEmployment EFFECTIVITY Signed : 06 December 2018 Published : 09 January 2019 (Philippine Star) Effective : 24 January 2019 DECLARATION OF POLICY  The State affirms labor as a primary social and economic force, and that a safe and healthy workforce is an integral aspect of nation building.  The State shall ensure a safe and healthful workplace for all working people by affording them full protection against all hazards in their work environment. DECLARATION OF POLICY  It shall ensure that the provisions of the Labor Code of the Philippines, all domestic laws, and internationally- recognized standards on OSH are being fully enforced and complied with by the employers, and it shall provide penalties for any violations thereof.  The State shall protect every worker against injury, sickness or death through safe and healthful working conditions.  It shall promote strict but dynamic, inclusive, and gender- sensitive measures in the formulation and implementation of policies and programs related to OSH.  COVERAGE  It shall apply to all establishments, projects and sites and all other places where work is being undertaken in all branches of economic activity, including:  Establishments located inside special economic zones and other investment promotion agencies (e.g., Philippine Economic Zone Authority [PEZA], Clark Development Corporation [CDC]);  Utilities engaged in air, sea, and land transportation;  Industries such as mining, fishing, construction, agriculture, and maritime  Contractors and subcontractors including those engaged in the projects of the publicsector. NOTE: The Rules does not apply to the public sector such as national government agencies, government-owned and controlled corporations with original charters, government financial institutions, state universities and colleges and local government units DEFINITION OF TERMS Competency Standards – industry-determined specifications of proficiency Covered Workplaces – required for effective work establishments, projects, sites performance. and all other placeswhere Certified first-aider – work is being undertaken any person trained and wherein the number of duly certified to employees, nature of administer first aid by operations and risk or hazard the Philippine Red Cross involved in the business as (PRC) or any organization determined by the Secretary authorized by the DOLE of Labor and Employment, Secretary require compliance with the provisions of DO198-18. DEFINITION OF TERMS Department of Labor and Equipment – any machine with engine or Employment (DOLE) -Accredited electric motor as prime mover. Training Organizations – refer to those which have been granted accreditation by DOLE pursuant to Department Order No. 16, s.2001. Employer – any person, General safety and health inspection – natural or juridical, includingthe an examination of the work environment, contractor, subcontractor, and including the location and operation of principal employer who directly machinery other than those covered by or indirectly benefit from the technical safety audits, ventilation, and other services of the employee. possible sources of safety and health hazards. DEFINITION OF TERMS High risk establishment – refers to a workplace wherein the presence of hazard or potential hazard within the company may affect the safety and/or health of workers The following are workplaces commonly associated with potentiallyhigh-risk activities: 1. Chemical works and chemical production plants; 11. Power generation, transmission and distributionin 2. Construction; the energy sector; 3. Deep sea fishing; 12. Storage and distribution center for toxicor 4. Explosives and pyrotechnics factories; hazardous chemicals; 13. Storage of fertilizers in highvolume; 5. Firefighting; 14. Transportation; 6. Healthcare facilities; 15. Water supply, sewerage, wastemanagement, 7. Installation of communicationaccessories, remediation activities; towers and cables; 16. Works in which chlorine is used in bulk;and 8. LPGfilling, refilling, storage anddistribution; 17. Activities closely similar to those enumerated 9. Mining; above and other activities as determined byDOLE 10.Petrochemical works and refineries; in accordance with existing issuances on the classification of establishments. DEFINITION OF TERMS Imminent danger – a Low riskestablishment Medium risk Micro and Small situation caused by a – a workplace where establishment – a Enterprises (MSEs) – condition or practice there is low level of workplace where establishments in any place of danger or exposureto there is moderate employing less than employment that safety and health exposure to safety 10 employees and the could reasonably be hazards and not likely and health hazards establishments expected to lead to or with low and with probability employing less than death or serious probability to resultin of an accident,injury 100 employees, physical harm. accident, harm or or illness. respectively, illness. regardless of capitalization. DEFINITION OF TERMS Occupational Health Personnel – a qualified first-aider, nurse, dentist or physician engaged by the employer to provide occupational health services in the establishment, project, site orworkplace. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Consultant – a qualified Safety Officer 4 or its equivalent, duly certified by DOLE to perform and/or render consultative services on OSHin at least 2 fields of specialization asdetermined byDOLE. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Practitioner – a qualified Safety Officer 3 or its equivalent, duly certified by DOLE to render occupational safety and health services in a defined and specific scope or core competency. Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) standards – a set of rules issued by DOLE which mandates the adoption and use of appropriate practices, means, methods, operations or processes, and working conditions to ensure safe and healthful employment. DEFINITION OF TERMS Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – a specialized clothing or equipment designed to protect workers against safety and health hazards that may causeseriousworkplace injuries and illnesses. Safety and Health Audit – a regular and critical examination of project sites, safety programs, records, and management performance on program standards on safety and health conducted by the safetyofficer. Safety and Health Committee – a body created within the workplace tasked with the authority to plan, develop and implement OSH policies and programs, monitor and evaluate the OSH program, and inspect and investigate all aspects of the work pertaining to safety and health of workers. Safety and Health program – a set of detailed rules to govern company policies, processes and practices in all economic activities to conform with OSH standards. DEFINITION OF TERMS Safety Officer – any Safety Officer 1(SO1) – Safety Officer 2 (SO2) – Safety Officer 3(SO3) employee or officer of an employee who has an employee who has - 40-hour OSH training the company trained by completed the completed the course applicable to DOLE or DOLE- mandatory 8-hour mandatory forty 40- the industry Accredited Training OSH orientation hour OSH training - additional 48 hours Organization and of advanced/ course as prescribed course applicable to tasked by the employer specialized OSH to implement an OSH in the OSH standards the industry as training course program and 2-hour trainer’s prescribed in the OSH - at least 2 years trainings standards. experience in OSH DEFINITION OF TERMS Safety Officer 4 (SO4) Workplace – any site or location where - 4o-hour OSHtraining course workers need to be present or to go to - 80 hours of advanced/ by reason of their work, and which are specialized Occupational under the direct or indirect control of Safety training course the employer - aggregate of 320 hours of OSH related training or experience Worker – any member of the labor force, regardless of employment status Safety Signage – any emergency, warning or danger signpost usin the Workers’ OSH Seminar – the standard colors g sizes, mandatory 8-hour module conducted includin the andstandard by the safety officer of the workplace g for safety asprescribed by the OSH standards symbols instructions and warnings in the workplace DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS  Equip a place of employment for workers free from hazardous conditions that are causing or are likely to cause death, illness, or physical harm  Provide complete job safety instructions to all the workers, including, but not limited to, those relating to familiarization with their workenvironment  Ensure that the chemical, physical and biological substances and agents, and ergonomic and psychosocial stresses under control are without risk to health  DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS  Use only approved specific industry set of standards of devices and equipment for the workplace  Comply with OSHS including training, medical examination, and where necessary, provisions on protective and safety devices suchasPPEand machine guards  Make arrangement for workers and their representatives to have the time and resource to participate in the processes of organizing, planning and implementation, monitoring, evaluation and action for improvement of the OSH management system DUTIES OF EMPLOYERS  Provide, where necessary, for measures identifying trainings and drills, evacuation plans, etc. to deal with emergencies, fires and accidents including first-aid arrangements  Comply with all reportorial requirements of the OSH standards  Register establishment to DOLE as provided under the OSH standards DUTIES OF WORKERS  Participate in capacity building activities on safety and health and other OSH related topics andprograms;  Proper use of all safeguards and safety devices furnished for workers’ protection and that of others  Comply with instructions to prevent accidents or imminent danger situations in the workplace  Observe prescribed steps to be taken in cases of emergency  Report to their immediate supervisor any work hazard that may be discovered in the workplace. DUTIES OF OTHER PERSONS  Any other person, including the builder or contactor who visits, builds, renovates or installs devices or conducts business in any establishments or workplace, shall comply with the provisions of this Rules and all other regulations issued by the Secretary of Labor and Employment.  Whenever 2 or more undertakings are engaged in activities simultaneously in one 1workplace, it shall be the duty of all concerned to collaborate and cooperate to ensure compliance with OSH standards and regulations. WORKER’S RIGHT TO KNOW  The right to safety and health at work shall be guaranteed.  All workers shall be appropriately informed by the employer about all types of hazards in the workplace, and provided access to training and education on chemical safety and to orientation on data sheet of chemical safety, electrical safety, mechanical safety, ergonomics, and other hazards and risks. WORKER’S RIGHT TO KNOW  All workers, including new hires, shall be provided training and information for all types of hazards in the workplace in a language and dialect that workers canunderstand.  A re-orientation on safety and health for workers in high risk establishments must be conducted regularly, not less than once a quarter, and to be conducted immediately following any changes in the operations and production process. WORKER’S RIGHT TO REFUSE TO UNSAFE WORK  The worker has the right of refusal to work without threat or reprisal from the employer if, as determined by DOLE, an imminent danger situation exists.  As a preventive measure, the safety officer may, following his/her own determination and without fear of reprisal, implement a work stoppage or suspend operations in casesof imminent danger.  The employer or safety officer cannot require the workers to return to work where there is a continuing imminent danger. WORKER’S RIGHT TO REFUSE TO UNSAFE WORK  Aworker may also refuse to work until the lifting of the Work Stoppage Order (WSO) after implementing theappropriate corrective measures  Workers affected by the existence of an imminent danger situation may be temporarily assigned to other areas within the workplace provided there is no impending issue with safety andhealth.  Section 24 of this Rules shall apply during the period of such WSO or suspension of operations due to an imminent danger situation.  WORKER’S RIGHT TO REPORT ACCIDENTS  Workers and their representatives shall have the right to report accidents, dangerous occurrences, and hazards to the employer, to DOLE and to other concerned competent government agencies.  Reporting of accidents to DOLE may be made through any means of communication, including the DOLE hotline, whichever is most convenient to the worker. The same may be reported to the nearest DOLE Regional, Field, Provincial or Satellite Office having jurisdiction over the place of theincident. WORKER’S RIGHT TO PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) Every employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, shall provide his/her workers, free of charge, PPE for any part of the body that may be exposed to hazards, and lifeline, safety belt or harness, gas or dust respirators or masks, and protective shields whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous work process or environment, chemical, radiological, mechanical, and other irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact. WORKER’S RIGHT TO PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)  All PPE shall be of the appropriate type as tested and approved by the DOLEbased on its standards and/or other means of verification.  The usage of PPE in all establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall be based on the evaluation and recommendation of the safetyofficer.  All PPE must be of appropriate size, weight, and type to specific workers exposed to hazards from which PPE are meant to ensure effective protection.  Failure to provide appropriate PPE in high risk activities shall give rise to the right of the worker to refuse unsafe work. SAFETY SIGNAGES AND DEVICES All establishments, projects, sites and all other places where work is being undertaken shall have safety signage and devices to warn the workers and the public of the hazards in the workplace. Safety signage and devices shall be posted in prominent positions at strategic locations in a language understandable to all, and in accordance with the OSH standards on color of signs for safety instructions and warnings, Globally Harmonized System (GHS) pictograms, construction safety, classification and labelling of chemicals, radiation, safety instructions and warning signs, set by DOLE SAFETY IN THE USE OF EQUIPMENT Contractor or subcontractor, if any, must comply with the OSH standards set by DOLE on safety and use of such equipment in the different phases of the company or project operation including the transport to and from the establishment, project, site or place where work is beingundertaken. Appropriate training and certification by the Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA), Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) or other concerned government agency shall be a requirement for operators before use of equipment, if applicable. OHS INFORMATION The employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, shall provide the workers in all establishments, projects and all other places where work is being undertaken adequate and suitable information on the following:  Workplace hazards and the risk posed on the safety and health of the workers such as chemical safety data sheets;  Control mechanisms in place that reduces or minimizes the risk of exposure to hazards and other preventive strategies  Appropriate measures, including the probable location of workers, for the prevention, control and protection against those hazards;and  Emergency and disaster management protocols including proper evacuation and shut-down procedures. Information materials shall be revised regularly by the OSH committee. OHS PROGRAM Covered workplaces shall develop and implement a suitable OSH program in a format prescribed by DOLE which shall be posted in prominent places. a) For establishments with less than 10 workers and low risk establishments with 10-50 workers. – The OSH program, which shall be duly signed by the employer, must include at least the following: 1. Companycommitment to comply with OSHrequirements; 2. General safety and health programs, including:  Safety and health hazard identification, risk assessment and control (HIRAC),  Medical surveillance for early detection and management of occupational and work-related diseases, and  First aid and emergency medical services; 3. Promotion of the following healthdomains:  Drug-free workplace (RA9165),  Mental health services in the workplace (RA 11036),and  Healthy lifestyle; OHS PROGRAM 4. Prevention and control of the following health domains:  Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (RA8504),  Tuberculosis (EO 187-03),and  Hepatitis B(DOLE DA05-2010); 5. Complete company or project details; 6. Composition and duties of the OSHcommittee; 7. OSH personnel and facilities; 8. Safety and health promotion, training and education,including:  Orientation of all workerson OSH, and  Conduct of risk assessment, evaluation andcontrol; 9. Conduct of toolbox or safety meetings and job safety analysis, if applicable; 10. Accident/incident/illness investigation, recording andreporting; 11. Provision and use of PPE; 12. Provision of safetysignage; 13. Provision of workers’ welfarefacilities; 14. Emergency and disaster preparedness and mandated drills; 15. Solid waste management system; and 16. Control and management of hazards. OHS PROGRAM b) For medium to high risk establishments with 10–50 workers and low to high risk establishments with 51 workers and above. – The OSH program, which shall be duly signed by the employer, must include at least thefollowing: 1. Company commitment to comply with OSHrequirements; 2. General safety and health programs,including:  Safety and health hazard identification, risk assessmentand control(HIRAC),  Medical surveillance for early detection and management of occupational and work-related diseases, and  First aid and emergency medicalservices; 3. Promotion of the following healthdomains:  Drug-free workplace (RA9165),  Mental health services in the workplace (RA 11036),and  Healthy lifestyle; 4. Prevention and control of the following health domains:  Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (RA8504),  Tuberculosis (EO 187-03),and  Hepatitis B(DOLE DA05-2010); OHS PROGRAM 5. Complete company or project details; 6. Composition and duties of the OSHcommittee; 7. OSH personnel and facilities; 8. Safety and health promotion, training and education, to include thefollowing:  Orientation of all workerson OSH,  Conduct of risk assessment, evaluation andcontrol,  Continuous training on OSH of OSH personnel, and  Work Permit System such as working at height, working at confined space, hotworks, and other related activities; 9. Conduct of toolbox or safety meetings and job safetyanalysis; 10. Accident/incident/illness investigation, recording and reporting; 11. Provision and use of PPE; 12. Provision of safety signage; 13. Dust control and management, and regulations on activities such as building of temporary structures, and lifting and operation of electrical, mechanical, communications system, and other equipment; 14. Provision of workers’ welfare facilities; OHS PROGRAM 15. Emergency and disaster preparedness and response plan to include the organization and creation of disaster control groups, business continuity plan, and updating the hazard, risk and vulnerability assessment, as required; 16. Solid waste management system; 17. Control and management of hazards; 18. Prohibited acts and penalties for violations; and 19. Cost of implementing company OSHprogram. The DOLE shall prescribe a format that should be accomplished fully by the employer, contractor or subcontractor, if any, in consultation with the workers and their representatives. The OSH program shall be communicated and be made readily available to all persons in the workplace. It shall be updated periodically whenever the DOLE, other regulatory or government agencies and institutions promulgate new rules, guidelines and other issuancesrelated to workers’ safety andhealth. OHS PROGRAM  The establishment shall ensure that the core elements of OSH program are integrated in the company OSH program such as management commitment and employee involvement, workplace risk assessment, hazard prevention and control, safety and health training and education, and OSH program evaluation.  The establishment shall submit a copy of the OSH program to the DOLE Regional, Provincial, Field or Satellite Office having jurisdiction over the workplace.  A duly signed company commitment to comply OSH requirements together with the company OSH program using the prescribed template shall be considered approved upon submission EXCEPT for Construction Safety and Health Program which shall need approval by DOLEprior to construction.  OSH programs in the pre-approved template may be modified by DOLE as necessary based on existing laws, rules and regulations, and other issuances or upon validation of the program during inspection.  The company shall review and evaluate the OSHprogram at least once a year or asnecessary, to ensure that its objectives are met towards an improved safety and healthperformance. OHS COMMITTEE The establishment shall ensure that the core elements of OSH program are integrated in the company OSH program such as management commitment and employee involvement, workplace risk assessment, hazard prevention and control, safety and health training and education, and OSHprogram evaluation. a) For establishments with less than 10workers and low risk establishments with 10 - 50 workers. – A SO1shall establish an OSH committee composed of the following: Chairperson : Company owner or manager Secretary : Safety officer of theworkplace Member : At least one (1) worker, preferably a union member if organized The safety officer of the workplace may also be the owner, manager or his/her designated representative. The company owner, manager or one of the workers of the company shall undertake first aid training from the Philippine Red Cross or any DOLE recognized organization. OHS COMMITTEE b) For medium to high risk establishments with 10-50 workers and low to high risk establishments with 51 workers and above. – The OSH committee of the covered workplace shall be composed of the following: Ex-officio chairperson : Employer or his/her representative Secretary : Safety officer of theworkplace Ex-officio members : Certified first-aider, OH nurse, OH dentist, and OH physician, as applicable Members : Safety officers representing the contractor or subcontractor, as the case may be, and representative/s of workers who shall come from the union, if the workers are organized, or elected workers through a simple vote of majority, if they are unorganized The OSH committee shall effectively plan, develop, oversee and monitor the implementation of the OSHprogram. OHS PROGRAM c) For 2 or more establishments housed under one building or complex including malls. – When two or more establishments are housed under one building or complex, the health and safety committee organized in each workplace shall form themselves into a Joint Coordinating Committee to plan and implement programs and activities concerning all the establishments. Chairperson : Building owner or his/her representative such as the building administrator Secretary : Safety officer of the building or complex appointed by theChairperson Members : At least two safety officers from any of the establishment housed under one building or complex At least two workers’ representatives, one of which must be from a union if organized, from any of the establishment housed under one building or complex The building administrator shall ensure that the Joint OSH committee shall submit its organizational plans and minutes to the DOLE Regional office, copy furnished the Bureau of Working Conditions.  Occupational Health and PPE Module 2: CPE024 - Basic Occupational Health and Safety Engr. Orlando M. Malaca, PhD. Intended Learning Outcomes At the end of this module, students would be able to: Topic Title Topic Objective Occupational Health Explain Occupational Health and the interaction of work and health Personal Protective Equipment Explain the importance of PPE at the workplace Occupational health is a multidisciplinary activity aimed at: the protection and promotion of the health of workers by preventing and controlling diseases and accidents and by eliminating occupational factors and conditions hazardous to health and safety at work; the development and promotion of healthy and safe work, work environments and work organizations; the enhancement of the physical, mental, and social well-being of workers and support for the development and maintenance of their working capacity, as well as professional and social development at work; enabling workers to conduct socially and economically productive lives and to contribute positively to sustainable development.  Work and Health primary function of work in any society is to produce and distribute goods and services work plays a crucial and perhaps unparalleled psychological role in the formation of self- esteem and a sense of order work is a powerful force in shaping a person's identity work for which there is no economic gain, such as childcare, care for the aged, and voluntary work, also has its rewards and contributes to personal gratification Health, workplace, economy and sustainable development workplaces designed according to good principles of occupational health, safety, and ergonomics are also the most sustainable and productive "Human beings are at the center of concern for sustainable development. They are entitled to a healthy and productive life in harmony with nature" - Principle 1 of the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 1992) Health, workplace, economy and sustainable development Sustainable development is defined as a strategy to "meet the needs of the Occupational health is present world population without causing an adverse a basic element and effect on health and on the constitutes a social environment, and without and health dimension depleting or endangering of the principle of the global resource base, sustainable hence without compromising the ability of development. future generations to meet their needs." Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as “PPE”, is equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards. Examples of PPE include such items as gloves, foot and eye protection, protective hearing devices (earplugs, muffs) hard hats, respirators, and full bodysuits. Republic Act 11058, chapter III, section 4 Comply with OSH standards including training medical examination and where necessary, provision of protective and safety devices such as personal protective equipment (PPE) and machine guards. Republic Act 11058, chapter III, section 8 "Workers' Right to Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). - Every employer, contractor, or subcontractor, if any, shall provide his workers, free of charge, protective equipment for their eyes, face, hands and feet, and free, and lifeline, safety belt or harness, gas or dust respirators or masks, protective shields whenever necessary by reason of the hazardous work process or environment, chemical, radiological, mechanical and other irritants or hazards capable of causing injury or impairment in the function of any part of the body through absorption, inhalation or physical contact. The cost of the PPE shall be part of the safety and health program which is a separate pay item pursuant to Section 20 of this Act. All PPE shall be of the appropriate type as tested and approved by the DOLE based on its standards. The usage of PPE in all establishments, projects, sites, and all other places where work is being undertaken shall be based on the evaluation and recommendation of the safety officer."  Performing a “hazard assessment” of the workplace to identify and control physical and health hazards. Identifying and providing appropriate PPE for employees. Employers’ Training employees in the use and care of the PPE. Responsibilities Maintaining PPE, including replacing worn or damaged PPE. Periodically reviewing, updating, and evaluating the effectiveness of the PPE program.  Employees’ Responsibilities PROPERLY WEAR ATTEND CARE FOR, INFORM A PPE TRAINING CLEAN, AND SUPERVISOR OF SESSIONS ON MAINTAIN PPE, THE NEED TO PPE AND REPAIR OR REPLACE PPE Hazard Assessment The first critical step in developing a comprehensive safety and health program is to identify physical and health hazards in the workplace. This process is known as a “hazard assessment.” Examples of physical hazards include moving objects, fluctuating temperatures, high-intensity lighting, rolling or pinching objects, electrical connections, and sharp edges. Examples of health hazards include overexposure to harmful dust, chemicals or radiation. Things to look into for assessing hazards: Sources of electricity. Sources of motion such as machines or processes where movement may exist that could result in an impact between personnel and equipment. Sources of high temperatures that could result in burns, eye injuries, or fire. Types of chemicals used in the workplace. Sources of harmful dust. Sources of light radiation, such as welding, brazing, cutting, furnaces, heat treating, high-intensity lights, etc. The potential for falling or dropping objects. Sharp objects that could poke, cut, stab or puncture. Biologic hazards such as blood or other potentially infected material.  Selecting PPE should be of safe design and construction should be maintained in a clean and reliable fashion fit and comfort should be considered, thus, proper size is vital different types of PPE worn together should be compatible  ANSI Standards Eye and Face Protection: ANSI Z87.1- 1989 (USA Standard for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection). Head Protection: ANSI Z89.1- 1986. Foot Protection: ANSI Z41.1- 1991. Training Employees in the Proper Use of PPE Employers are required to train each employee who must use PPE. Employees must be trained to know at least the following: When PPE is necessary. What PPE is necessary. How to properly put on, take off, adjust and wear the PPE. The limitations of the PPE. Proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of PPE.  Eyes and Face Protection Selection considerations: Ability to protect against specific workplace hazards. Should fit properly and be reasonably comfortable to wear. Should provide unrestricted vision and movement. Should be durable and cleanable. Should allow unrestricted functioning of any other required PPE. Common Types of Eyes and Face Protection Safety spectacles Goggles Welding shields Laser safety goggles Face shields This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC  Head Protection Protective helmets or hard hats should do the following: Resist penetration by objects. Absorb the shock of a blow. Be water-resistant and slow-burning. Have clear instructions explaining proper adjustment and replacement of thesuspension and headband. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY  Class A hard hats provide impact and penetration resistance along with Types of Hard Hats limited voltage protection (up to 2,200 volts). Class B hard hats provide the highest level of protection against electrical hazards, with high-voltage shock and burn protection (up to 20,000 volts). They also provide protection from impact and penetration hazards by flying/falling objects. Class C hard hats provide lightweight comfort and impact protection but offer no protection from electrical hazards. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA  Examples of situations in which an employee should wear foot and/or leg protection include: When heavy objects such as barrels or tools might roll onto or fall on the employee’s feet; Working with sharp objects such as nails or spikes that could pierce the soles or uppers of ordinary Foot and Leg shoes; Exposure to molten metal that might splash on feet Protection or legs; Working on or around hot, wet, or slippery surfaces; and Working when electrical hazards are present.  Potential hazards include skin absorption of harmful substances, chemical or thermal burns, electrical dangers, bruises, abrasions, cuts, punctures, fractures, and amputations. Hand and Arm Protective equipment includes gloves, finger guards, and arm Protection coverings or elbow-length gloves.  Following are examples of workplace hazards that could cause bodily injury: Body Protection Temperature extremes; Hot splashes from molten metals and other hot liquids; Potential impacts from tools, machinery, and materials; Hazardous chemicals.  Employee exposure to excessive noise depends upon a number of factors, including: The loudness of the noise as measured in decibels (dB). The duration of each employee’s Hearing Protection exposure to the noise. Whether employees move between work areas with different noise levels. Whether the noise is generated from one or multiple sources. References: Personal Protective Equipment (osha.gov) (Links to an external site.) Occupational Safety and Health Center | Ligtas and Maingat (dole.gov.ph) Any Questions? BASIC OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 1 2  3 Objectives Determine the different types of PPE Distinguish the appropriate and approved types of PPE needed in a workplace Know the limitations of PPE  4 PPE Personal Protective Equipment are variety of devices and garments designed to serve as a barrier between workers and workplace hazards.  5 Guidelines in PPE Use 1. Identify the hazard 2. Understand the effect 3. Choose the appropriate and approved type of PPE 4. Train workers When PPE is necessary What PPE is necessary How to properly wear and adjust the PPE The limitations of PPE The proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of PPE PPE 6 Head Protection Eye & Face Protection Respiratory Protection Hearing Protection Hand & Arm Protection Fall Protection Torso Protection Foot Protection  Occupational Head Hazards and Effects 7 HAZARDS EFFECTS Impact from falling objects Perforation/fracture of the skull Bump against rigid stationary objects Penetration by sharp objects Contact with live electrical conductors Electrical shock Fire hazards Burns  8 Hard Hat or Safety Helmet A rigid device that is worn to provide head protection from falling materials and which is held in place by a suitable suspension.  9 Parts of a Hard Hat 1.The hard outer shell protects 1 the head from sharp objects, 2 such as falling tool. 2.The suspension system 4 includes the headband and straps on the inside of the hat. 3.The chin or nape strap secure the hard hat to the wearer’s 3 head. 4.The brim redirects a falling object away.  10 Characteristics of Hard Hat (ANSI Z89.1) HARD HAT must be able to absorb the shock of the blow from falling objects and be able to resist penetration from sharp objects. Hard hats vary as to electrical resistant capability. Additional characteristics of a hard hat is its ability for low water absorption and slow flammability rate of the shell. American National Standards Institute  11 Types of Headwear Type 1 – protection from impact and penetration at the crown (top) Type 2 – protection from impact, penetration at the crown (top) and laterally (sides)  12 Classes of Safety Helmets (ANSI Z89.1) Class “A” or “G” - in addition to impact and penetration resistance, provide electrical protection from low voltage conductors. Proof tested to 2,200 volts Class “B” or “E” - in addition to impact and penetration resistance, provide electrical protection from high voltage conductors. Proof tested to 20,000 volts Class “C” - provide impact and penetration protection and should not be used around electrical hazards  13 Eye and Face Protection Eye and face protective equipment shall be required where there is a reasonable probability of injury that can be prevented by such equipment.  14 Occupational Eye and Face Hazards 1.Large flying particles and fragments from operations such as caulking, chiseling, metal working and riveting. 2.Dust, fumes, mists, and small particles from woodworking, light grinding, sanding, metal working, spot welding, scaling, and paint spraying. 3.Vapors and liquids from solvents and paints. 4.Intense heat and radiation from furnace tending, electric welding, and oxyacetylene welding and cutting.  15 Effects of Occupational Eye and Face Hazards 1. Permanent loss of vision 2. Temporary loss of vision 3. Inflamed eyes 4. Skin Burns 5. Lacerations 6. Fractures 7. Broken Teeth  16 Eye and Face Protection (ANSI Z87.1) 1. Safety Spectacles 2. Eye Goggles 3. Face Shields  17 Eye and Face Protection (ANSI Z87.1) Safety Spectacles or Glasses are primary protective devices intended to shield the wearer’s eyes from flying and striking objects, glare and injurious radiation hazards. Goggles are primary protective devices intended to fit the face immediately surrounding the eyes. Face Shield is a protective device intended to shield the wearer’s face, or portions thereof from striking objects or chemical, heat and glare hazards.  18 Use of Eye and Face Protection "A general rule, face shields should be worn over suitable basic eye protection." - National Safety Council  19 When Should You Wear a Hearing Protection Device? You should wear a hearing protection device whenever you are exposed to noise that is 85 - 90 decibels or greater for an 8-hour period of time.  20 Arm’s Length Rule “If two people (with no Bwahahaha hearing impairment) have to raise their voices or shout to be heard in a distance of less than an arm’s length from each other, the sound level is potentially hazardous.”  21 Types of Hearing Protectors Earplugs Hearing protectors placed inside the ear to block out noise. To work effectively, they should fit snugly into the ear canal.  22 Types of Hearing Protectors Earmuffs A device composed of a headband with two cushioned ear cups that form a seal around the outer ear, covering it completely and blocking out the noise.  23 Respiratory Hazards Acids / Mists Solvents / Vapors Gases / Smoke Dusts / Particulates Heavy Metals / Fumes  24 Filtration Respirators Filtration Respirators or Mechanical Respirators screen out dust and some form of mist. Such Filters CHEMICAL CARTRIDGE need to be replaced at DEVICES remove contaminants frequent intervals. by passing the tainted air through material that traps the harmful portions. There are specific cartridges for specific contaminants.  25 Air-Supplying Equipment Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) Supply air from an air tank is strapped at the person’s back.  26 Hand and Arm Hazards 1. Temperature extremes 2. Chemical exposures and splashes 3. Sharp objects 4. Fire 5. Abrasive materials 6. Live Electrical Conductors  27 Common Hand and Arm Injury 1. Burns 2. Bruises 3. Abrasions 4. Cuts 5. Punctures 6. Fractures 7. Amputations 8. Electrocution  28 Different Kinds of Gloves Vinyl & neoprene Leather gloves gloves protect your shield your hands hands against toxic Metal-meshed from rough chemicals gloves resist sharp surfaces and heat edges and prevent cuts  29 Different Kinds of Gloves Welder’s gloves Rubber gloves protect your protect you when hands from heat working around and flames electricity.  30 Different Kinds of Gloves Lead-lined gloves Cotton gloves are used to protect Latex disposable help grasp slippery your hands from gloves are used to objects and protect radiation sources. protect your hands against slivers, dirt, from germs and moderate heat or bacteria cold.  31 Foot and Leg Protection Hazards: Falling or rolling objects Sharp objects Live Electrical conductors Hot surfaces Wet, slippery surfaces  32 Common Foot and Leg Injury Fractures Punctures Burns Cuts Amputations Electrocution  33 Safety Shoes Steel Toe Cap footwear protects your toes from being crushed by falling objects. Mid-sole Steel Plate protects the foot from punctured hazards.  34 Safety Shoes Classification (ASTM F 2413) Standard Specification for Performance Requirements for Protective (Safety) Toe Cap Footwear Heavy Duty or Class 75 Medium Duty or Class 50 American Society for Testing and Materials  35 Electrical Properties of Safety Shoes ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE footwear are insulated with tough rubber to prevent shocks and burns from electricity. ELECTROSTATIC DISSIPATING footwear conducts static electricity to floors that are grounded.  36 Limitations of PPE 1. The hazard still exists 2. A defective PPE offers no protection 3. The PPE may introduce additional hazard 4. Most PPE are not for continuous use 5. Improper wearing may not give maximum protection 6. It may transfer hazard to another location  37 Summary Assess the workplace for hazards Use engineering and work practice controls to eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE Select appropriate and approved PPE to protect employees from hazards that cannot be eliminated Inform employees why the PPE is necessary, how and when it must be worn Train employees how to use and care for their PPE, including how to recognize deterioration and failure Require employees to wear selected PPE 38  39 Acknowledgement / Reference Corporate Occupational Safety, Health and Environment Management Association of the Philippines Orlando M. Malaca Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering Master of Science in Management Engineering Doctor of Philosophy in Technology Management