06 Handout 1 PDF - Propaganda Movement and Reforms

GE1804 LCD SLIDES AS HANDOUTS The Image of the Ilustrados The image shown in Slide 4 is all about the ilustrados who went to Europe to enact their Propaganda Movement to raise awareness of the Filipino condition during the Spanish Occupation: Jose Rizal - T...

GE1804 LCD SLIDES AS HANDOUTS The Image of the Ilustrados The image shown in Slide 4 is all about the ilustrados who went to Europe to enact their Propaganda Movement to raise awareness of the Filipino condition during the Spanish Occupation: Jose Rizal - The most well-known ilustrado. He was a doctor, linguist, mixed martial artist, poet, novelist, writer, teacher, and scientist, to name a few of his distinctions. His well-known works are Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. Marcelo del Pilar - Gregorio del Pilar's uncle with a sharp wit and an even sharper tongue. He was a fierce writer and critic of the Catholic church, particularly the corrupt friars of the Religious Orders. Juan Luna - A passionate artist with a background on realism and romanticism. He was the first Filipino artist to win a gold medal for composing his most famous paintings, Spoliarium and the El Pacto de Sangre. A little-known fact about him was that he was friends with the King of Spain, Alfonso XII. Antonio Luna - Juan Luna's fierce younger brother who was a scientist and writer before studying military science and became a general himself at the Philippine-American War. He's best remembered from the film Heneral Luna and through his engineering designs, such as the Luna Line, a military trench designed for guerilla warfare. Graciano Lopez Jaena - The journalist, orator, editor, and owner of La Solidaridad. Many historians regard him as one (1) of the best, alongside Marcelo del Pilar and Jose Rizal -- calling them the Ilustrado's "Triumvirate." Mariano Ponce - Most knew him from his well-known pen name, Tikbalang. Ponce was a physician- turned-writer-politician for Bulacan. His famous writing was Ang Wika ng Lahi, which tackled the importance of having a national language. He became a prominent member of the Nacionalista Partido, now known as the Nacionalista Party. Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo - Another renowned Filipino painter that won alongside Juan Luna. He netted the silver medal with his artwork Las virgenes Cristianas expuestas al populacho (The Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace), a historical impressionist painting that depicted female Christians being mocked and debased by boorish Roman men. Isabelo de los Reyes - Also known as Don Belong, is widely remembered for writing Ang Singsing ng Dalagang Marmol (The Marble Daughter's Ring), as well as being the founder of the Iglesia Filipina Independiente, now known as the Philippine Independent Church -- or the Aglipayan church. Dominador Gomez - The nephew of Fr. Mariano Gomez, this physician, was once a fiery orator and critic of both Spanish and American rule. But, his lasting legacy was when he unwittingly agreed to shorten his sentence by aiding the Americans in arresting Macario Sakay, Aguinaldo's general who fought and led the country in his [Aguinaldo] absence, in a pretense of peaceful negotiation. The Expatriates and their Reforms (A Modernized Visual Story) NOTE: The fictional story below, which is depicted by a series of images in Slide 6, only serves as a visual reference for you to answer the question posited by your instructor from Slide 5 in 06 SCORM 1. Three (3) police officers were informed to investigate the strange and unexplained events surrounding the prestigious Marhawa School hidden in Asia. They have an inside contact person in the school -- a biology professor named Dr. Doug Wright. When they lost contact with Dr. Wright, the three (3) cops went straight away to Marhawa School. Upon landing in Marhawa, the police agents were horrified to discover that the school was already run over by zombies. Since their communication devices couldn't send a distress signal, they were stranded in the infected school. Armed only with their standard gear, can they find and rescue their contact without them being infected? Why or why not? 06 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 1 of 4  GE1804 The Expatriates and their Reforms (The Rizal-Bonifacio Perspective) NOTE: The story below, which is depicted by a series of images in Slide 7, is an actual historical event that serves to reinforce the question posited by your instructor in Slide 5, and the story from Slide 6, in 06 SCORM 1. Andres Bonifacio, then a member of La Liga Filipina, talked to the Liga's founder, Jose Rizal, and proposed to combat the Spanish government and overthrow their rule, to which Jose Rizal himself stated that this would be unwise for the country. Why do you think Rizal said that to Bonifacio? THE ANSWER (for Slides 5-7): The country is lacking in materials, preparations, and resources to engage in any armed revolution. How it connects to Slide 6: Much like in a zombie apocalypse, rushing in without any form of planning and preparation is doomed to fail. In this scenario, the police officers who entered the premises without any form of proper preparations are like the ones who favor to do the Amendments because they believed that the people were suffering long enough that a brash action seems like the best course to take. How it connects to Slide 7: Similar to amending laws, the passing of an Amendment is likened to the discourse that both Rizal and Bonifacio once had. In it, the ones who don't favor the Amendments are like Rizal because planning an armed revolt takes a lot of time and discussion to secure and finalize all proceedings. Amending laws quickly and/or thoughtlessly can do more harm than good. The Expatriates and their Reforms (The Proposed Reforms) The ilustrados sought and fought for reforms for their fellowmen. The following were their reforms: 1. The ilustrados aimed to improve the conditions of the indios by proposing to have the Philippines be assimilated in the Spanish colony as a province rather than a territory. In this manner, they envisioned that the people might be more willing to live harmoniously with Spain if they were treated as equals rather than conquerors and serfs. 2. They also pushed for the secularization of priests, which the Filipino priests had fought and died for. Since the sudden drop of priest influx from Spain, more and more parishes lost their parishioners, and more Filipinos have been actively seeking theology. 3. They also wished to have more public schools be built that are independent of friars. They wanted to have schools that could cater to more Filipinos and poor people. 4. They also fought to have both polo and the bandala abolished. They deemed it cruel and unjust for the poor to be subjected to forced labor without getting any benefit -- and they have to pay taxes beyond their means -- which brought them to also fight for the indios' basic freedoms (or rights). 5. Finally, since they saw their fellowmen to be just as capable as the blancos, they fought for the Filipinos to be able to hold government positions, including representation in the Cortes Generales. Unfortunately, these reforms weren't merited and unsuccessful because of the following reasons: 1. Spain itself had its internal conflict. With the overthrown former monarchy, the country itself was in a state of turmoil after Queen Isabella II's exile. 2. Since the ilustrados began their studies and mission abroad, they always found themselves short of funds and must, therefore, find means to earn a living. Jose Rizal himself was hit hard by Spain's cost of living. 3. Within the ilustrados, themselves have sown seeds of discontent and mistrust. One (1) such event was the election within them to become the Responsable, the man who will lead the La Solidaridad to a new direction and conviction. The audience of 90 Filipinos were evenly divided between the Rizalistas and the Pilaristas. a. The Rizalistas were the Filipinos who stood by Jose Rizal, believing that La Solidaridad should be a force to drive political reforms and make the readers sensitive about the events happening within the political realm. 06 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 2 of 4  GE1804 b. The Pilaristas, on the other hand, were the Filipinos who stood by Marcelo del Pilar, believing that La Solidaridad should be the voice of the oppressed, the downtrodden, and the abused because of the greed and apathy of the corrupt friars. c. Since Rizal rescinded his victory, both parties mended their rivalries. Rizal then focused on finishing his novel, while del Pilar continued to lead Jaena's brainchild (i.e., the La Solidaridad). Deconstructing El Filibusterismo Basic Information Novel Title El Filibusterismo Publication Year 1891 Chapters 39 Main Protagonist Basilio Main Antagonist Corrupt friars and members of the Blancos Literary Style Fiction, Satire Rizal’s own convictions between reforms and Inspiration radicalism - Vengeance for the fallen Emphasis - Betrayal of trust and love - Greed to all manners of living o The title, El Filibusterismo, is a derivative phrase used first in Noli Me Tangere, which means "The Filibuster." Granted, it means a person who engages in an unauthorized war against a foreign nation. Ferdinand Blumentritt once noted to Rizal in their correspondence that he didn't get the meaning of the word, to which Rizal gladly gave its sense. o Rizal used the term filibustero to describe the GomBurZa because, according to him [Rizal], "… I heard it for the first time in 1872 when the tragic executions [of the Gomburza] took place. I still remember the panic that this word created. Our father forbade us to utter it, as well as the words Cavite, Burgos (one of the executed priests), etc. The Manila newspapers and the Spaniards apply this word to one whom they want to make a revolutionary suspect. The Filipinos belonging to the educated class fear the reach of the word. It… means a dangerous patriot who will soon be hanged or, well, a presumptuous man." The word can also be contextualized to be subversive, dissident, revolutionary, and treasonous, i.e., a rebel. o Due to the novel's bleak nature, it gets progressively darker as more acts of greed, betrayal, and vengeance are enacted by several characters in the novel. El Filibusterismo, or El Fili, has a deuteragonist and a tritagonist intertwined with the protagonist, Basilio. A deuteragonist is known as the secondary character, the pangalawang bida, which in the novel is none other than Crisostomo Ibarra, now named Simoun. He now posed as a jeweler and plotted to start an armed rebellion against Spain. He's driven by vengeance due to the series of unfortunate events that befell him when he got home (i.e., the main plot of Noli Me Tangere). 06 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 3 of 4  GE1804 A tritagonist is known as the tertiary character, or the pangatlong bida, which is Isagani in the novel. He is an idealistic youth full of love and optimism until events in the novel, which seemed minor at first, nearly destroyed his once simple and happy life. o This novel showed Jose Rizal's adamant conviction in his mission to seek reforms instead of an armed rebellion. It is further supported by the ending of El Filibusterismo, where Simoun committed suicide by poisoning and confessed his plans to Padre Florentino, who absolved him of his sins. One (1) of his confessions stated that the country is truly not yet ready for an armed rebellion. The Reasons Why El Fili was Written Same as Noli, with notable additions Presents a likely outcome to armed revolutions Reforms were ultimately ignored Dedicated to the GomBurZa Differences with Noli Me Tangere El Filibusterismo is darker in literary tone Story plot is shorter and direct Antagonists are more cynical and conniving Has an additional deuteragonist and tritagonist Reflects the improbability of radical socio-political changes 06 Handout 1 *Property of STI  [email protected] Page 4 of 4