Korea University Bioscience Past Paper PDF

# 생명과학의 세계 ## The World of Bioscience - Korea University # 주차 03 ## 01. 아들의 지능은 엄마가 결정한다? (2) ### 01. CHILDREN INHERIT THEIR INTELLIGENCE FROM THEIR MOTHER NOT THEIR FATHER? (2) **학습목표** - Can understand the concept of polygenic model. - Can understand the relationship...

# 생명과학의 세계 ## The World of Bioscience - Korea University # 주차 03 ## 01. 아들의 지능은 엄마가 결정한다? (2) ### 01. CHILDREN INHERIT THEIR INTELLIGENCE FROM THEIR MOTHER NOT THEIR FATHER? (2) **학습목표** - Can understand the concept of polygenic model. - Can understand the relationship between fitness and allele frequency. **학습내용** - Scientific misconception of genetics. - Introduction of Polygenic model. **Debunk a myth** - Intellectual disabilities have been studied since the mid-20th century. - There is a higher prevalence of intellectual disabilities among males. - At that time, the sex chromosome was the only information that could explain this sex difference. - Males inherit the X chromosome from their mothers. Therefore, scientists believed that the gene for intelligence was on the X chromosome. **Up-to-date scientific finding on intelligence** - Intelligence follows a polygenic model. - Additive alleles contribute to intelligence. - Dominant alleles may also contribute to intelligence. - Epistatic alleles can contribute to intelligence. - Environmental factors also contribute to intelligence. **Modern Genetics in 20th century: Mendel, Darwin, and Galton** | Person | Dates | Quote | Description | |---|---|---|---| | Gregor Mendel | 1822-1884 | "The existence of binary hereditary factors" | | | Francis Galton | 1822-1911 | "Biological traits are continuous" | | | Charles Darwin | 1809-1882 | "There is variation in natural population" | | **R. A. Fisher's 1918 paper** - In 1918, Ronal Fisher proposed infinitesimal model to explain a unified theory between Mendelian and Biometrician claims. - A quantitative trait are described as the sum of a genetic and a non-genetic component. - The first model of polygenic model. - "The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance" - R. A. Fisher's 1918 “The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance" **Polygenic model for height** - 98% of all achondroplasia cases are due to a G380R mutation in FGFR3 (Shiang et al. 1994). - Marfan Syndrome is caused by a mutation in fibrillin 1 FBN1. - ~75% of the cases is inherited from a parent with the condition, while ~25% of cases is affected by a de novo mutation. - Combination of common inherited variant (additive allele) and environmental exposures to determine your height. **Fitness determine allele frequency** **학습정리** - Polygenic model is a basis of human traits and disorders. - Multiple variants contribute to polygenic model. - Phenotypic variance can be explained by multiple factors. **출처 및 참고문헌** - [출처01] Google, https://www.google.co.kr/ - [출처02] Daum, https://www.daum.net/ - [출처03] Naver, https://www.naver.com - [출처04] SME제공 - [출처05] Google, https://www.google.co.kr/search?q=intelligence+genes+from+mother - [출처06] APA PsycNet, https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1972-32044-001 - [출처07] Wikimedia, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gregor_Mendel_2.jpg - [출처08] Wikimedia, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Francis_Galton_1850s.jpg - [출처09] Wikimedia, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Charles_Darwin_seated_crop.jpg - [출처10] Wikimedia, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Darwin%27s_finches.jpeg - [출처11] SME 제공 - [출처12] Otto Wilhelm Thomé Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885, Gera, Germany - [출처13] Fisher, “The correlation between relatives on the supposition of mendelian inheritance”. Trans. R. Soc. Edinb., 1918, 53: 399-433 - [출처14] Plomin et al., “Common disorders are quantitative traits”, Nat Rev Genet. 2009 Dec:10(12):872-8. - [출처15~16] SME 제공