02 Cell -Structure Chapter 6.ppt

Chapter 6 The Cell  What is a Cell? Unit of Life Size Basic Structure – Animal – Plant – Bacteria Components of Structure of Eukaryotic Evolution Bacteria and Archaea  Prokaryotes-2 Domains Bacteria-True Bacteria, Cyanobacteria (Blue Green Algae)...

Chapter 6 The Cell  What is a Cell? Unit of Life Size Basic Structure – Animal – Plant – Bacteria Components of Structure of Eukaryotic Evolution Bacteria and Archaea  Prokaryotes-2 Domains Bacteria-True Bacteria, Cyanobacteria (Blue Green Algae) Archaea Size typically 0.5-8 μM  Differences Bacteria Archaea inhabit extreme environments Inhabit most environments like deep-sea vents, saline below 70C waters, hot springs Include aerobes & anaerobes mostly anaerobic and live in membrane lipids of archaea low-oxygen environments contain fatty acid linked to membrane lipids of archaea glycerol molecule by ester contain fatty acid linked to bond glycerol molecule by ether bond Are extremely metabolically tend to have distinct metabolic diverse pathways as well as genes that support their survival Reproduction asexual by Reproduction asexual by budding, fission, and budding, fission, and fragmentation fragmentation  Structures-Bacteria Cytoplasm Nucleoid Cell Membrane Cell wall-Polysaccharide (peptidoglycan) Sometimes: Outer membrane Capsule Spore Flagella Pili Archaea  Eukaryotic cells Highly compartmentalized using membranes Organization into organelles Complex  Nucleus Double membranes Nuclear pores Nucleolus Nucleoplasm Chromosomes Site of majority of genetic information  Ribosome Site of Protein Synthesis Some attached to membranes, others free in cytoplasm  Incoming vesicles: Cis face Outgoing vesicles Trans face  Mitochondria Site of aerobic Contains ribosomes respiration (bacterial origin) 2 membranes Size: 2 micrometers Majority of eukaryotic energy produced there Contains DNA (bacterial origin)  Chloroplasts Site of Inner thylakoid Photosynthesis & space chlorophyl Cyanobacteria(Blue Three membranes: -Green Algae) Inner, Outer, and origin Thylakoid Stroma  Peroxisomes Organelles that sequester diverse oxidative reactions. Have important roles in metabolism, reactive oxygen species detoxification, and signaling Undulipodium: - flagellum, - cilia.