Which of the following dopamine pathways are dysfunctional in schizophrenia?

Understand the Problem

The question is asking which specific dopamine pathways are known to be dysfunctional in schizophrenia. It presents multiple options and requires selecting the correct ones based on knowledge of neurobiology.

More Information

In schizophrenia, dysfunction in dopamine pathways, particularly the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways, is linked to both positive and negative symptoms of the disorder.

Tips

A common mistake is confusing the pathways that cause positive symptoms with those linked to motor side effects.

Sources

• Pathway-specific dopamine abnormalities in schizophrenia - PMC - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
• The Four Dopamine Pathways Relevant to Antipsychotics - psychopharmacologyinstitute.com