Unit 1 Notes Review Key Figures John Locke: He wrote that the government should protect natural rights life liberty and property. Baron de Montesquieu: He wrote to prevent tyranny... Unit 1 Notes Review Key Figures John Locke: He wrote that the government should protect natural rights life liberty and property. Baron de Montesquieu: He wrote to prevent tyranny and he made 3 branches of the government legislative executive judicial. Jean-Jacques Rousseau: Contract theory leaders and higher up people make the rules. Voltaire: Freedom of expression. Maximilen Robespierre: Led the reign of terror. Jacobins: Maximilien Robespierre political party. Napoleon Bonaparte: Dictator who led France to some dubs. Toussaint L’Ouverture: Leader of Haiti revolutions. Saint Domingue: The name France gave Haiti. Simon Bolivar: Liberator of Latin America. Key Terms and Vocabulary Absolute monarchs: King that had complete control over an area. Absolutism: Absolute power of the king. Divine Right: God giving kings power. Scientific Revolution: When the people questioned the church. Enlightenment: When the people questioned the king. Philosophes: French for philosopher. Natural rights: Things humans are entitled to. 'Life, liberty, and Property': What John Locke wrote in his book. Consent of the people: What John Locke wrote in his book. Tyranny: Cruelty and evil government. Separation of powers: Making sure no one has too much power. Legislative: Make laws. Executive: Enforce the laws stop bad ones. Judicial: Interprets the laws. Social Contract Theory: An agreement that the leaders are in charge. Political Revolutions: Period when citizens overthrow the government. 1st Estate: Clergy. 2nd Estate: Nobles. 3rd Estate: Peasants. Estates General: The vote to vote on taxes and when the 3rd estate lost they met on a tennis court to make a new government. Tennis Court Oath: Oath to make a new government. National Assembly: 3rd government constitution king and congress the right of man and citizen. Constitutional Monarchy: Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen. 'Liberty, Equality and Fraternity': Slogan of that. National Convention: 2nd government under revolution reign of terror mass execution. Military coup d’etat: Movement led by Napoleon. Dictator: Someone who has all the power. Key Events Age of Absolutism: Period when monarchs have all power. Scientific Revolution: When they questioned the church. Enlightenment: Time when they questioned the king. French Revolution: France divided into 3 divisions. Reign of Terror: Period when there were mass executions. Battle of Waterloo: War when Napoleon lost and was exiled. Congress of Vienna: Peace treaty between the countries to make France less powerful. Haitian Revolution: Africans revolted against the white people. Toussaint L’Ouverture: Person that led the revolution. Latin American Revolutions: Made their own country. Unit 2 Notes Review Key Figures Otto von Bismarck: Chancellor of one of the 39 states. King Wilhelm I: King of Prussia. Giuseppe Garibaldi: Led the red shirts. Red Shirts: Led by Garibaldi. King Victor Emmanuel II: Unified Italy. Alfred Dreyfus: Captain of French army. Theodor Herzl: Coined the term Zionism. Adam Smith: Developed the economy in England. Key Terms and Vocabulary Nationalism: Extreme pride in your culture and language. Kaiser: King, leader. Blood and Iron Speech: Speech given by Bismarck for power in Germany. 2nd Reich: Unification of Germany. Zionism: Jewish nationalism. Antisemitism: Hating Jews. Free Market: Government lets citizens control their business. Laissez-faire: Another way of saying free market. Capitalism: Another way of saying free market. Invisible Hand: Another way of saying free market. Competition: Companies lower prices so that people will go to their store. Supply and Demand: Selling something for more expensive the more people want it. Industrial: Growth of machines. Urbanization: Growth of cities. Labor unions: Groups of workers. Strikes: Refuse to work. Legislation: Laws that regulate factories. Key Events German Unification: 39 German states came together and formed the German Confederation. Italian Unification: Garibaldi unified all the Italian countries. Dreyfus Affair: He was accused of being a German spy but was later found innocent. Establishment of Israel: Because of the belief that the Jews should get their own country. Causes of Industrial Revolution: England had great geographical features and need for jobs. Effects of Industrial Revolution: Machines, child labor, and low wages. Read more