The risk factors that lead to a higher incidence of atherosclerosis include: (Select all that apply.) 1. high levels of high-density lipoproteins. 2. cigarette smoking. 3. a histor... The risk factors that lead to a higher incidence of atherosclerosis include: (Select all that apply.) 1. high levels of high-density lipoproteins. 2. cigarette smoking. 3. a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus. 4. age (> age 40), gender, and race. 5. women on oral contraceptives or estrogen replacement therapy.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking about the risk factors that increase the incidence of atherosclerosis. It provides a list of potential factors and asks to identify which ones are correct.
Answer
2, 3, 4.
The risk factors that lead to a higher incidence of atherosclerosis include cigarette smoking, a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and age (> age 40), gender, and race.
Answer for screen readers
The risk factors that lead to a higher incidence of atherosclerosis include cigarette smoking, a history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, and age (> age 40), gender, and race.
More Information
High levels of high-density lipoproteins are typically protective against atherosclerosis, not a risk factor.
Tips
A common mistake is considering high levels of high-density lipoproteins as a risk factor, whereas it actually helps reduce risk.
Sources
- Risk Factors for Coronary Artery Disease: Historical Perspectives - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Hypertension as a risk factor for atherosclerosis: Cardiovascular risk ... - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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