Solve any Five of the following: a) Define dipole moment. b) What is meant by Raman Effect? c) State stark - Einstein law. d) What is Heisenberg's uncertainty principle? e) Give th... Solve any Five of the following: a) Define dipole moment. b) What is meant by Raman Effect? c) State stark - Einstein law. d) What is Heisenberg's uncertainty principle? e) Give the selection rule for vibrational spectroscopy. f) What is zero point energy? Answer any Two of the following: i) Explain the term de-Broglie hypothesis of wave particle duality. ii) What is quantum yield? What are the reasons for low quantum yield? iii) Discuss the isotope effect in the rotational spectra. Explain why anti-stokes lines are weaker than stokes lines. Calculate the reduced mass of No [N = 14, O = 16]
Understand the Problem
The question is related to the examination paper for a Physical Chemistry course at the undergraduate level. It outlines different types of questions that require answers based on chemistry concepts such as dipole moment, Raman Effect, Einstein's law, uncertainty principles, and others. The examination format and instructions indicate that candidates need to demonstrate their understanding of these key topics.
Answer
a) Dipole moment shows charge separation. b) Raman Effect involves scattering with frequency change. d) Uncertainty principle limits precise measurement of position and momentum. f) Zero point energy is minimum quantum energy. De-Broglie suggests particle wave nature. NO reduced mass is about 7.88 amu.
a) A dipole moment is a vector quantity representing the charge separation in a molecule. b) The Raman Effect is the change in wavelength of light due to its interaction with the molecular vibrations. d) Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle states the impossibility of simultaneously measuring exact position and momentum. f) Zero point energy is the minimum energy a quantum system possesses even at absolute zero. i) De-Broglie hypothesis establishes that particles exhibit wave-like behavior including specific wavelengths. iv) Anti-Stokes lines are weaker due to requiring more energy for emission, with reduced mass of NO calculated using 14 and 16 for nitrogen and oxygen, resulting in approximately 7.88 amu.
Answer for screen readers
a) A dipole moment is a vector quantity representing the charge separation in a molecule. b) The Raman Effect is the change in wavelength of light due to its interaction with the molecular vibrations. d) Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle states the impossibility of simultaneously measuring exact position and momentum. f) Zero point energy is the minimum energy a quantum system possesses even at absolute zero. i) De-Broglie hypothesis establishes that particles exhibit wave-like behavior including specific wavelengths. iv) Anti-Stokes lines are weaker due to requiring more energy for emission, with reduced mass of NO calculated using 14 and 16 for nitrogen and oxygen, resulting in approximately 7.88 amu.
More Information
Dipole moments are crucial for predicting molecular behavior and interactions. The Raman Effect is useful in identifying molecular vibrations and structure. Understanding zero point energy is essential for quantum mechanics.
Tips
Remember to connect dipole moment to molecular polarity. Avoid confusing Heisenberg's principle with classical uncertainties. For reduced mass, use precise atomic masses for more accuracy.
Sources
- Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle - Chemistry LibreTexts - chem.libretexts.org
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