Know that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. Describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions. Know the names and uses of the... Know that crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons. Describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions. Know the names and uses of the main fractions obtained from crude oil.
Understand the Problem
The question is referencing specific educational content about crude oil, its hydrocarbon composition, the process of fractional distillation, and the various fractions obtained from crude oil along with their uses. It guides learners through understanding the chemical and industrial process pertaining to crude oil.
Answer
Crude oil is heated; vapors condense at different levels, forming fractions: gases, gasoline, kerosene, diesel, fuel oil, bitumen.
Crude oil is heated in a fractionating column, causing it to evaporate. The vapors rise and condense at various temperatures, separating into fractions. Main fractions include:
- Refinery gases: Domestic heating and cooking
- Gasoline/Petrol: Fuel for cars
- Kerosene: Fuel for aircraft
- Diesel: Fuel for cars and trains
- Fuel oil: Fuel for large ships and power stations
- Bitumen: Roads and roofing
Answer for screen readers
Crude oil is heated in a fractionating column, causing it to evaporate. The vapors rise and condense at various temperatures, separating into fractions. Main fractions include:
- Refinery gases: Domestic heating and cooking
- Gasoline/Petrol: Fuel for cars
- Kerosene: Fuel for aircraft
- Diesel: Fuel for cars and trains
- Fuel oil: Fuel for large ships and power stations
- Bitumen: Roads and roofing
More Information
Fractional distillation leverages temperature differences within the column to achieve separation. Each fraction consists of hydrocarbons of similar molecular size.
Tips
Ensure the fractionating column maintains a consistent temperature gradient. Incorrect temperature control can cause incomplete separation.
Sources
- 4:08 describe how the industrial process of fractional distillation ... - tutormyself.com
- Fractional distillation - Energy Education - energyeducation.ca
- Fractional distillation - IGCSE Chemistry Revision Notes - savemyexams.com
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