Extended response on non-specific defenses. Human biology 10 marks.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking for a detailed explanation of non-specific defenses in the context of human biology. This involves discussing various innate immune responses that protect the body from pathogens without targeting specific invaders. We will likely address concepts such as physical barriers, chemical defenses, and cellular responses.
Answer
Discuss physical barriers, chemical barriers, phagocytic cells, inflammatory response, and fever response.
The final answer is to discuss the non-specific defenses such as physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes), chemical barriers (stomach acid, enzymes in tears), phagocytic cells (macrophages, neutrophils), the inflammatory response, and the fever response.
Answer for screen readers
The final answer is to discuss the non-specific defenses such as physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes), chemical barriers (stomach acid, enzymes in tears), phagocytic cells (macrophages, neutrophils), the inflammatory response, and the fever response.
More Information
Nonspecific defenses are crucial as they provide immediate but general protection against pathogens. These defenses do not discriminate between different invaders, providing a broad-spectrum shield.
Tips
A common mistake is to confuse nonspecific defenses with specific (adaptive) immune responses, which are targeted and involve antibodies.
Sources
- Nonspecific Defenses - Medical Microbiology - NCBI Bookshelf - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- The non-specific immune system - ABPI schools - abpischools.org.uk
- Chapter 23: Immune System – Human Biology - OPEN SLCC - slcc.pressbooks.pub
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