CHAPTER 8: THE CARDIOVASCULAR & RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS 1. What is the main function of the heart? 2. What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation? 3. List the fou... CHAPTER 8: THE CARDIOVASCULAR & RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS 1. What is the main function of the heart? 2. What is the difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation? 3. List the four chambers of the heart and the location of the valves in the heart. 4. List how blood flows through the heart and body starting at the arteries. 5. Discuss the difference between arteries and veins in terms of the following; a. Blood flow direction b. What they branch off into 6. What is the main function of the cardiovascular system and where does it take place? 7. What are the three methods by which blood is returned to the heart in veins? 8. What is blood made up of? 9. Define atherosclerosis. 10. Discuss each of the following; A. Cardiac Output B. Heart Rate C. Blood Pressure D. Blood Flow Distribution E. stroke volume 11. Define bradycardia and tachycardia. 12. List the changes that affect the mass and dimensions of the heart due to aerobic training. 13. What is the difference between external and internal respiration? 14. What makes up the conductive zone and what occurs here? 15. What structures make up the respiratory zone and what takes place here? 16. Discuss the difference between inspiration and expiration. 17. What is diffusion and how is it connected to the respiratory system? 19. How is carbon dioxide transported from the body? 20. What happens with pulmonary ventilation when an individual starts to exercise? 21. What changes occur with external respiration during exercise? 22. What changes occur with internal respiration during exercise? 23. Discuss each of the following respiratory diseases; a. Asthma b. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). UNDERSTANDING THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 1. Three main functions of the respiratory system: 2. What is happening at each of the following levels: 3. The conductive zone: 4. The respiratory zone: 5. What is happening during inspiration and expiration: 6. Ventilation (Ve): 7. How many capillaries does the average person have in their lungs? 8. Define diffusion: 9. How diffusion works to transport oxygen to the blood and CO2 to the lungs: 10. Two ways oxygen is transported in the blood: 11. Three ways CO2 is transported in the blood: 12. What changes take place in the respiratory system during exercise: 13. Define VO2max: UNDERSTANDING THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM What is another name for the heart muscle? What is the name for the protective membrane surrounding the heart? Name the wall of muscle separating the right and left side of the heart. Identify the following definitions by using the words below: Describe how blood flows through the heart, starting at the Inferior and superior vena cava. Point where blood becomes oxygenated: There are three main systems that assist in the return of blood in the veins to the heart. What are they? Describe what is happening during the systolic contraction. What is happening during diastole? What three factors does blood pressure depend on during exercise? Define Hypotension and Hypertension. Explain how a myocardial infarction may occur. Cardiovascular training results in changes to the heart. What are these four changes and what do they result in? Define Bradycardia and Tachycardia. Read more