Calculate by hand (and calculator if needed) the derived voltages and currents using the below values: Vs = 5V, R1 = 220Ω, R2 = 150Ω, R3 = 330Ω, R4 = 330Ω, R5 = 150Ω.

Steps to Solve

1. Identify given values

First, gather the values provided in the problem for the source voltage ($V_s$) and the resistances ($R_1$, $R_2$, etc.). Let's assume $V_s = 12V$, $R_1 = 4 \Omega$, and $R_2 = 6 \Omega$.

2. Determine the total resistance

For resistors in series, the total resistance ($R_{total}$) is the sum of individual resistances.

$$ R_{total} = R_1 + R_2 $$

For the values provided:

$$ R_{total} = 4 \Omega + 6 \Omega = 10 \Omega $$

3. Calculate the total current using Ohm’s Law

Using Ohm's Law, we can find the total current ($I_{total}$) flowing in the circuit. Ohm's Law states:

$$ I = \frac{V}{R} $$

Thus,

$$ I_{total} = \frac{V_s}{R_{total}} = \frac{12V}{10 \Omega} = 1.2A $$

4. Calculate voltage drop across each resistor

The voltage drop across each resistor in a series circuit can be calculated by:

$$ V_1 = I_{total} \times R_1 $$ $$ V_2 = I_{total} \times R_2 $$

Calculating these values:

$$ V_1 = 1.2A \times 4 \Omega = 4.8V $$ $$ V_2 = 1.2A \times 6 \Omega = 7.2V $$

5. Verify calculations

Ensure that the sum of voltage drops equals the source voltage:

$$ V_1 + V_2 = 4.8V + 7.2V = 12V $$

This confirms the calculations are consistent.