Answer any eight of the following in maximum 75 words: a. Economic importance of virus. b. General characteristics of Algae. c. Nutrition in Fungi. d. Economic importance of pterid... Answer any eight of the following in maximum 75 words: a. Economic importance of virus. b. General characteristics of Algae. c. Nutrition in Fungi. d. Economic importance of pteridophytes. e. Heterospory in pteridophytes. f. Structure of Funaria capsule. g. Anatomy of pinus needle. h. Cycas ovule. i. Prothallus of Fern. j. Bacterial transformation. k. Structure of Lichen.
Understand the Problem
The question lists various topics in biology related to fungi, pteridophytes, and other areas, asking for a brief answer (in maximum 75 words) for any eight of them. This suggests it is a homework or exam question where students are expected to demonstrate their understanding of these topics.
Answer
1. Economic importance of virus: Crucial in medicine, vaccines, biotech. 2. Algae: Autotrophic, aquatic, photosynthetic. 3. Fungi: Heterotrophic by absorption. 4. Pteridophytes: Soil improvement, ornamentals. 5. Heterospory: Two spore types for seeds. 6. Funaria: Spore dispersal structure. 7. Pinus needle: Water conservation anatomy. 8. Fern prothallus: Gametophyte with sex organs.
The final answer is:
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Economic importance of virus: Viruses are crucial in medical research, vaccine development, and biotechnology. They are used in gene therapy and as vectors for gene cloning.
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General characteristics of Algae: Algae are autotrophic, photosynthetic organisms, mostly aquatic, and can be unicellular or multicellular with diverse thallus structures.
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Nutrition in Fungi: Fungi are heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients by absorption. They secrete enzymes to decompose organic material and absorb the released nutrients.
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Economic importance of pteridophytes: Pteridophytes prevent soil erosion, serve as soil improvers, and some are used for ornamental purposes or in traditional medicine.
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Heterospory in pteridophytes: Heterospory is the production of two types of spores, microspores and megaspores, leading to the development of seed habit.
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Structure of Funaria capsule: The Funaria capsule is a sporangium that releases spores. It has a seta, calyptra, operculum, and peristome teeth for spore dispersal.
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Anatomy of pinus needle: Pinus needles have a thick cuticle, sunken stomata, and a reduced surface area for minimizing water loss. They contain vascular bundles with transfusion tissue.
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Prothallus of Fern: The fern prothallus is a small, heart-shaped gametophyte that houses sex organs, the antheridia, and archegonia, leading to fertilization.
Answer for screen readers
The final answer is:
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Economic importance of virus: Viruses are crucial in medical research, vaccine development, and biotechnology. They are used in gene therapy and as vectors for gene cloning.
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General characteristics of Algae: Algae are autotrophic, photosynthetic organisms, mostly aquatic, and can be unicellular or multicellular with diverse thallus structures.
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Nutrition in Fungi: Fungi are heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients by absorption. They secrete enzymes to decompose organic material and absorb the released nutrients.
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Economic importance of pteridophytes: Pteridophytes prevent soil erosion, serve as soil improvers, and some are used for ornamental purposes or in traditional medicine.
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Heterospory in pteridophytes: Heterospory is the production of two types of spores, microspores and megaspores, leading to the development of seed habit.
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Structure of Funaria capsule: The Funaria capsule is a sporangium that releases spores. It has a seta, calyptra, operculum, and peristome teeth for spore dispersal.
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Anatomy of pinus needle: Pinus needles have a thick cuticle, sunken stomata, and a reduced surface area for minimizing water loss. They contain vascular bundles with transfusion tissue.
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Prothallus of Fern: The fern prothallus is a small, heart-shaped gametophyte that houses sex organs, the antheridia, and archegonia, leading to fertilization.
More Information
These topics cover basic botany concepts relevant to fields like genetics, ecology, and environmental science.
Tips
Avoid exceeding 75 words per answer. Focus on main points.
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