1. Delineate and classify errors? Describe the various methods to minimize the errors. 2. What is acid-base titration? Explain the Neutralisation curve in acid-base titration. 3. W... 1. Delineate and classify errors? Describe the various methods to minimize the errors. 2. What is acid-base titration? Explain the Neutralisation curve in acid-base titration. 3. What are different methods of expressing concentration? How do you prepare and standardize a) 250ml of 0.1N sulphuric acid solution b) 500ml of 0.5N potassium permanganate solution. 4. What are non-aqueous titrations? Explain in detail the types of solvents used in non-aqueous titrations. Write the assay of Sodium Benzoate. 5. What are the primary and secondary standards? Give the ideal requirements of a primary standard. 6. Explain the theory of acid-base indicators in detail. 7. How do you calculate the equivalent weight and molecular weight of a substance. Give examples. 8. Write the principle and procedure of Non-aqueous titration involving halogenated salt of weak bases. 9. How do you prepare and standardize the following compounds a) 500ml of 0.1N hydrochloric acid b) 250ml of 0.1N sodium hydroxide. 10. Explain the uses of the following in non-aqueous titrations a) perchloric acid b) acetic acid c) acetic anhydride d) crystal violet. 11. Explain the importance of significant figures. 12. What are acid-base indicators? Give examples. 13. What are leveling and differentiating effects? 14. What are self-indicators? Give examples. 15. Define the terms Normality, Molarity. 16. Define accuracy and precision. 17. What are Aprotic solvents? Give example. 18. What are atomic mass and molecular mass? 19. Give an example of personal error and operative error. 20. How do you determine the endpoint in acid-base titrations.
Understand the Problem
The question is asking for a detailed exploration and explanation of various topics related to pharmaceutical analysis, focusing on errors in analysis, acid-base titration, concentration expressions, non-aqueous titration methods, and several related concepts. It seeks long essays, short essays, and short answers on these topics, indicating a comprehensive examination of the subject matter.
Answer
Errors are divided into systematic, random, and gross errors. Minimize errors by calibration, repeated measurements, and optimal conditions.
To delineate and classify errors, they are commonly divided into systematic errors, random errors, and gross errors. Methods to minimize these errors include calibration, optimizing experimental conditions, repeated measurements, and peer review.
Answer for screen readers
To delineate and classify errors, they are commonly divided into systematic errors, random errors, and gross errors. Methods to minimize these errors include calibration, optimizing experimental conditions, repeated measurements, and peer review.
More Information
Systematic errors can be reduced by proper calibration, while randomness is tackled with statistical analysis. Gross errors are typically avoided by attentiveness and careful procedures.
Tips
Ignoring the calibration of instruments and not considering environmental factors can lead to consistent systematic errors.
AI-generated content may contain errors. Please verify critical information
