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What was the primary use of cuneiform developed by the Sumerians?
What was the primary use of cuneiform developed by the Sumerians?
What geographical modern-day areas did Mesopotamia encompass?
What geographical modern-day areas did Mesopotamia encompass?
Which invention is attributed to the Greeks, specifically Hero of Alexandria?
Which invention is attributed to the Greeks, specifically Hero of Alexandria?
What agricultural advancement is attributed to the use of oxen?
What agricultural advancement is attributed to the use of oxen?
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What material is considered the earliest paper-like substance used in ancient Egypt?
What material is considered the earliest paper-like substance used in ancient Egypt?
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In which region were the first form of writing cuneiform primarily developed?
In which region were the first form of writing cuneiform primarily developed?
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What was a significant contribution of the Sumerians in transportation technology?
What was a significant contribution of the Sumerians in transportation technology?
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What was one of the practical applications of the Aeolipile?
What was one of the practical applications of the Aeolipile?
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What was one significant effect of the invention of the telegraph?
What was one significant effect of the invention of the telegraph?
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What innovation did Elias Howe contribute to the clothing industry?
What innovation did Elias Howe contribute to the clothing industry?
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How did Elisha Otis's invention impact elevator usage?
How did Elisha Otis's invention impact elevator usage?
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What was the primary purpose of dynamite as invented by Alfred Nobel?
What was the primary purpose of dynamite as invented by Alfred Nobel?
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Which statement about Louis Pasteur's contribution is true?
Which statement about Louis Pasteur's contribution is true?
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What was the original use of the compass before it became important for traveling?
What was the original use of the compass before it became important for traveling?
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Which invention was specifically designed to detect earthquakes in Ancient China?
Which invention was specifically designed to detect earthquakes in Ancient China?
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What materials were initially used to make paper in Ancient China around 100 BC?
What materials were initially used to make paper in Ancient China around 100 BC?
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During which dynasty was gunpowder invented in Ancient China?
During which dynasty was gunpowder invented in Ancient China?
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What was the purpose of the dragons in the Ancient Chinese seismograph?
What was the purpose of the dragons in the Ancient Chinese seismograph?
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What additional materials were included later to strengthen paper in Ancient China?
What additional materials were included later to strengthen paper in Ancient China?
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Who created the first mechanical clock in Europe?
Who created the first mechanical clock in Europe?
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What substance is NOT a component of gunpowder?
What substance is NOT a component of gunpowder?
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What was the pursuit of the alchemists who invented gunpowder?
What was the pursuit of the alchemists who invented gunpowder?
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Which of the following was an invention attributed to Anaximander?
Which of the following was an invention attributed to Anaximander?
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What significant change happened to the compass after its initial uses?
What significant change happened to the compass after its initial uses?
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What is the time period of Yi Xing's life?
What is the time period of Yi Xing's life?
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Which Greek philosopher is credited with predicting a battle-stopping eclipse?
Which Greek philosopher is credited with predicting a battle-stopping eclipse?
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What significant contribution did Yi Xing make to clock technology?
What significant contribution did Yi Xing make to clock technology?
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Which area did the Greeks particularly pioneer in the field of science?
Which area did the Greeks particularly pioneer in the field of science?
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What was Thales of Miletus known for studying?
What was Thales of Miletus known for studying?
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What is the primary focus of science as defined in the provided content?
What is the primary focus of science as defined in the provided content?
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How does technology relate to science according to the content?
How does technology relate to science according to the content?
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What ancient invention is associated with the Mesopotamians around 3500 BC?
What ancient invention is associated with the Mesopotamians around 3500 BC?
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What is meant by the term 'antecedent' in the context of science and technology?
What is meant by the term 'antecedent' in the context of science and technology?
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Which of the following best describes the role of scientists in ancient times?
Which of the following best describes the role of scientists in ancient times?
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The wheel was originally used in ancient Mesopotamia for what purpose?
The wheel was originally used in ancient Mesopotamia for what purpose?
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In ancient societies, how were scientific and technological advancements perceived?
In ancient societies, how were scientific and technological advancements perceived?
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Which of the following concepts is least related to the essence of technology as defined?
Which of the following concepts is least related to the essence of technology as defined?
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Which invention is attributed to Leonardo da Vinci?
Which invention is attributed to Leonardo da Vinci?
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What was a significant contribution of Isaac Newton to science?
What was a significant contribution of Isaac Newton to science?
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Which invention significantly impacted textile production during the Industrial Revolution?
Which invention significantly impacted textile production during the Industrial Revolution?
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Who is known for the heliocentric model of the universe?
Who is known for the heliocentric model of the universe?
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What social issue arose due to the Industrial Revolution?
What social issue arose due to the Industrial Revolution?
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What major advancement did James Hargreaves contribute during the Industrial Revolution?
What major advancement did James Hargreaves contribute during the Industrial Revolution?
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How did the American Industrial Revolution differ from the initial Industrial Revolution?
How did the American Industrial Revolution differ from the initial Industrial Revolution?
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Which of the following inventions was NOT associated with the Industrial Revolution?
Which of the following inventions was NOT associated with the Industrial Revolution?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course title: GED0011 - Science, Technology, and Society
- Topic: Historical Antecedents of Science and Technology
- Course provider: MPS Department | FEU Institute of Technology
Objectives
- Discuss the interactions between science and technology, and society throughout ancient times.
- Discuss how scientific and technological developments affect society and the environment during ancient times.
- Explain how Philippine scientific and technological inventions shaped and were shaped by various social contexts.
Science
- Science is the careful study of the physical world, including watching, measuring, and experimenting.
- Scientists (natural philosophers in ancient times) create testable explanations and predictions based on observations.
Technology
- Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
- Technology can be processes, inventions, methods or similar.
- It originates from Greek words 'tekhnē' (art/craft) and '-logia' (study/knowledge).
- An antecedent of something is a thing or event that existed before or logically precedes another.
Ancient Times
- This section discusses the historical context of inventions and scientific ideas from ancient eras.
Mesopotamians
- Wheel: Initially used for pottery, existed around 3500 BC.
- Chariot: Early wheeled vehicles pulled by animals.
- Cuneiform: The Sumerians developed the first form of writing to keep business records.
Egyptians
- Aeolipile (steam engine): Invented by Hero of Alexandria (10 AD). It was used to automate temple doors.
- Papyrus Sheets: Earliest paper-like material.
- Ox-drawn Plough: Revolutionized agriculture.
- Ink: Carbon-based ink, which was durable and black.
- Sun Clocks (Sundial): Developed techniques for calculating time in 3500 BC.
- Mummification: A process to preserve the human body for the afterlife.
Chinese
- Great Wall: A series of fortifications built to protect the northern borders in 221 BC.
- Compass: Initially for fortune-telling and architecture, later for traveling.
- Seismograph: Device to detect earthquakes.
- Paper: Recent archaeological discoveries suggest it existed in 100 BC.
- Gunpowder: Invented during the Tang Dynasty in the 9th century by alchemists.
- Mechanical Clock: An early mechanical clock was created in 725 by Yi Xing.
Greek Natural Philosophers
- Individuals like Aristotle, Pythagoras, Thales of Miletus, Plato, and Ptolemy contributed to the fields of astronomy, geography, mathematics, zoology, and optics in ancient Greece.
- Aristotle determined that Earth was spherical and classified animals.
- Ptolemy founded the geocentric model of the universe.
- Others developed instruments and methods for keeping track of time and mapping the world.
Middle Ages
- Mechanical Clock: Accurate timekeeping devices.
- Printing Press: Johannes Gutenberg's invention spurred the mass production of books.
- Eyeglasses: Improved vision for many who wore them.
- Water and Windmills: Provided energy for various tasks.
- Spinning Wheel: Improved efficiency in spinning fibers.
- Black Death: A devastating pandemic that disrupted medieval society.
Renaissance
- Leonardo da Vinci: Created designs and inventions, including various forms of machinery (e.g., siege defenses, multi-barrel gun, helicopter, airplanes).
- Nicholas Copernicus: Proposed a heliocentric model of the solar system.
Scientific Revolution
- Galileo Galilei: Contributed to physics including motions, use thermometer and telescope.
Christian Huygens
- Pendulum Clock
- Regulating Spiral (1675)
- Theory of Light
Isaac Newton
- Principia (3 books): Modern Mechanics, Celestial Mechanics, Laws of the Universe
Johannes Gutenberg
- Moveable Type
- Latin Bible
Industrial Revolution
- Period of development in the latter half of the 18th century.
- Transformed largely rural, agrarian societies in Europe and America into industrialized ones.
- Inventions include the steam engine, the spinning jenny, the cotton gin, the telegraph, the sewing machine, safety break and dynamite
Modern Era
- Inventions from the early 20th century up to the present era, including rockets to space and atomic bombs.
- Albert Einstein: Special Theory, General Theory, Quantum Theory and other notable ideas.
History of Science in the Philippines
- Pre-Colonial Era: Early Filipino society developed and employed diverse technologies for agriculture, construction, artistry, and trade.
- Spanish Era: Introduced formal structures for learning and knowledge dissemination to the Philippines.
- American Era: Science and technology rapidly advanced during this era, with notable developments in public education, medicine, and scientific research.
References
- A list of referenced sources for the compiled information. These are present in the provided text but not explicitly summarized.
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