STS M1

The earliest form of writing developed by the Sumerians to record business transactions.

An ancient region in the eastern Mediterranean, encompassing parts of modern-day Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey.

An early steam engine invented by Hero of Alexandria, used to automate temple doors.

Early paper-like material used in ancient Egypt for writing.

Agricultural tool using oxen to cultivate land, improving farming.

The careful study of the natural world through observation, experimentation, and the development of theories.

The application of scientific knowledge to solve practical problems and improve life.

Early thinkers who studied nature (natural philosophers), developing explanations and predictions.

A series of fortifications constructed primarily of stone, earth, and later bricks to protect China's northern borders from invaders.

The first mechanical clock in Europe appeared around the 13th century.

A Chinese mechanical clock, created in 725 by Yi Xing, a monk and engineer.

Originally used for fortune-telling and architecture, then adopted for travel.

Dragons facing downwards, small balls in their mouths.

Ancient Greeks who laid the groundwork for scientific thought, study and questioning of the world around them.

Believed the Earth was a sphere.

Created a design for water based vessels in alarm clocks, that were used before Plato's.

The ability to produce books in large quantities, starting in Europe around 1400. This was a significant development, as it allowed for a wider distribution of knowledge and ideas.

A device for turning fibers into yarn, replacing the slower hand-spinning method. This improved textile production, making cloth more readily available.

The invention of glasses to correct vision problems, which was a significant advance in the 13th century. This invention greatly benefited many people who struggled with poor eyesight.

A devastating plague causing widespread death in the 14th century, severely impacting medieval society. The Black Death slowed scientific progress, leading to a 'dark age' before the Renaissance.

The widespread use of water and windmills, particularly in the Early Middle Ages, for power generation. This technology revolutionized agriculture and other industries.

A geocentric model of the universe, holding that Earth is at the center and the sun, planets, and stars orbit around it. This model was used for 1400 years.

A pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (620-546 BC) known as a pioneer in the field of science due to his work in geometry, astronomy, military engineering, and logic. He is said to have understood and predicted eclipses.

A pre-Socratic Greek philosopher (611-547 BC), known for inventing the gnomon (sundial) – a way of measuring time, and for creating a map of the known world.

A timekeeping device invented during the Middle Ages, which allowed for more precise time measurement than previous methods.

A device created by Johannes Gutenberg in the 15th century, revolutionizing the spread of information through printing. It led to mass production of books and documents.

The art and science of making maps.

The theory that the Earth is at the centre of the universe.

Invented by Thomas Newcomen, this early steam engine wasn't very efficient but laid the foundation for future industrial advancements. It used steam to power machines.

Invented by James Hargreaves, this machine allowed weavers to spin multiple threads at once, making cloth production faster and easier.

Created by Eli Whitney, this machine separates cotton seeds from the fiber, drastically reducing the time and effort needed for cleaning cotton.

Invented by Samuel Morse, this device allowed fast long-distance communication by sending messages over wires.

Invented by Elias Howe, this machine made clothes production faster and more efficient, replacing hand-sewing.

Alexander Graham Bell patented the first practical telephone, allowing people to communicate verbally over long distances.

Although not the first to invent a light bulb, Thomas Edison created a bulb that lasted longer and allowed for nighttime activities.

Developed by Louis Pasteur, vaccines helped prevent diseases and improved people's health and lifespan.

Filipinos traded items like beeswax, cotton, pearls, and medicinal betel nuts for porcelain, lead fishnets, colored glass beads, and iron pots. These trades occurred with neighboring islands like Palawan and Calamian, as well as places like Borneo, Malacca, and parts of the Malay peninsula.

Before the Spanish arrived, Filipinos lived in autonomous communities called barangays and were already engaged in various activities and practices related to their environment and daily life.

The Spanish era introduced modern science and technology to the Philippines. Schools and hospitals were established, and scientific research began, often influenced by religious orders. The University of Santo Tomas became a prominent institution of learning.

Leon Ma. Guerrero played a significant role in the advancement of botany in the Philippines. He was also the first licensed pharmacist in the country.

The American regime greatly accelerated science and technology advancements in the Philippines. Public-school education was secularized with English as the medium of instruction. The Philippine Normal School was established to train Filipino teachers.

The Galleon trade was a major trade route between the Philippines and Mexico during the Spanish colonial period. This trade influenced Manila's prosperity and contributed to the development of shipbuilding in the Philippines.

During the Spanish colonial period, the production of sugar and hemp in the Philippines was modernized and expanded. This growth was also driven by the expansion of international trade.

Manila initially opened its trade to Asian shipping in 1789, and later to global trade in 1829. This marked a significant shift in the country's economic landscape.