Podcast
Questions and Answers
In triangle LMN, where angle L = 30°, angle N = 60°, and angle M = 90°, how does the length of side MN relate to the length of side LN?
In triangle LMN, where angle L = 30°, angle N = 60°, and angle M = 90°, how does the length of side MN relate to the length of side LN?
- MN is $\sqrt{3}$ times the length of LN.
- MN is half the length of LN. (correct)
- MN is equal to LN.
- MN is twice the length of LN.
In triangle LMN, with angles L = 30°, N = 60°, and M = 90°, if LN = 10 cm, what is the length of LM?
In triangle LMN, with angles L = 30°, N = 60°, and M = 90°, if LN = 10 cm, what is the length of LM?
- 15 cm
- 5 cm
- 10 cm
- $5\sqrt{3}$ cm (correct)
A right-angled triangle has acute angles of 45° and 45°. If the hypotenuse is $7\sqrt{2}$ cm, what is the length of each of the perpendicular sides?
A right-angled triangle has acute angles of 45° and 45°. If the hypotenuse is $7\sqrt{2}$ cm, what is the length of each of the perpendicular sides?
- $7\sqrt{2}$ cm
- 14 cm
- 3.5 cm
- 7 cm (correct)
In triangle PQR, angle P = 45°, angle Q = 45°, and angle R = 90°. Which statement accurately describes the relationship between the sides?
In triangle PQR, angle P = 45°, angle Q = 45°, and angle R = 90°. Which statement accurately describes the relationship between the sides?
Triangle XYZ has angles X = 30°, Y = 60°, and Z = 90°. If XY (the hypotenuse) is 12 cm, what is the area of triangle XYZ?
Triangle XYZ has angles X = 30°, Y = 60°, and Z = 90°. If XY (the hypotenuse) is 12 cm, what is the area of triangle XYZ?
In triangle ABC, point D lies on side AC. If AD = 7 and DC = 9, how does the ratio of the area of triangle ABD to the area of triangle BDC relate?
In triangle ABC, point D lies on side AC. If AD = 7 and DC = 9, how does the ratio of the area of triangle ABD to the area of triangle BDC relate?
Given two triangles with equal areas but different base lengths, how are their corresponding heights related?
Given two triangles with equal areas but different base lengths, how are their corresponding heights related?
Given that $\angle APB = \angle AQC$, which additional piece of information is LEAST helpful in proving that $\triangle APB \sim \triangle AQC$ using the Angle-Angle (AA) similarity test?
Given that $\angle APB = \angle AQC$, which additional piece of information is LEAST helpful in proving that $\triangle APB \sim \triangle AQC$ using the Angle-Angle (AA) similarity test?
Triangle PQR has base PR and height QT, while triangle XYZ has base XZ and height YW. If PR = 2 * XZ and the area of triangle PQR is equal to the area of triangle XYZ, what is the ratio of YW to QT?
Triangle PQR has base PR and height QT, while triangle XYZ has base XZ and height YW. If PR = 2 * XZ and the area of triangle PQR is equal to the area of triangle XYZ, what is the ratio of YW to QT?
In quadrilateral $ABCD$, diagonals intersect at point $Q$. Given $2QA = QC$ and $2QB = QD$, which of the following statements CANNOT be directly concluded?
In quadrilateral $ABCD$, diagonals intersect at point $Q$. Given $2QA = QC$ and $2QB = QD$, which of the following statements CANNOT be directly concluded?
In triangles ABC and BCD, AD || BC, with AP perpendicular to BC. What conclusion can be drawn about the areas of these triangles?
In triangles ABC and BCD, AD || BC, with AP perpendicular to BC. What conclusion can be drawn about the areas of these triangles?
If $\triangle ABC$ and $\triangle EDC$ share $\angle C$, and $\angle ABC = 75^\circ$ and $\angle EDC = 75^\circ$, what additional information would be SUFFICIENT to prove $\triangle ABC \sim \triangle EDC$ using only the Angle-Angle (AA) similarity criterion?
If $\triangle ABC$ and $\triangle EDC$ share $\angle C$, and $\angle ABC = 75^\circ$ and $\angle EDC = 75^\circ$, what additional information would be SUFFICIENT to prove $\triangle ABC \sim \triangle EDC$ using only the Angle-Angle (AA) similarity criterion?
Given two triangles, one with base $b_1$ and height $h_1$, and the other with base $b_2$ and height $h_2$, such that $b_1 = 2b_2$ and $h_2 = 4h_1$, what is the ratio of the area of the first triangle to the area of the second triangle?
Given two triangles, one with base $b_1$ and height $h_1$, and the other with base $b_2$ and height $h_2$, such that $b_1 = 2b_2$ and $h_2 = 4h_1$, what is the ratio of the area of the first triangle to the area of the second triangle?
Given $\triangle ABC$ and $\triangle MNP$ are two triangles. Which condition MUST be met to certainly prove that the two triangles are NOT similar?
Given $\triangle ABC$ and $\triangle MNP$ are two triangles. Which condition MUST be met to certainly prove that the two triangles are NOT similar?
In quadrilateral $ABCD$, diagonals intersect at $Q$. If $2QA = QC$ and $2QB = QD$, and it is proven that $CD = 2AB$, which similarity test is MOST directly used to initially establish $\triangle AQB \sim \triangle CQD$?
In quadrilateral $ABCD$, diagonals intersect at $Q$. If $2QA = QC$ and $2QB = QD$, and it is proven that $CD = 2AB$, which similarity test is MOST directly used to initially establish $\triangle AQB \sim \triangle CQD$?
If the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is 9:16, what is the ratio of their corresponding heights?
If the ratio of the areas of two similar triangles is 9:16, what is the ratio of their corresponding heights?
In $\triangle ABC$ and $\triangle EDC$, given $\angle ABC = 75^\circ$ and $\angle EDC = 75^\circ$, what is a sufficient condition to prove their similarity through Angle-Angle (AA) test, assuming one-to-one correspondence of vertices as $A \leftrightarrow E$, $B \leftrightarrow D$, and $C \leftrightarrow C$?
In $\triangle ABC$ and $\triangle EDC$, given $\angle ABC = 75^\circ$ and $\angle EDC = 75^\circ$, what is a sufficient condition to prove their similarity through Angle-Angle (AA) test, assuming one-to-one correspondence of vertices as $A \leftrightarrow E$, $B \leftrightarrow D$, and $C \leftrightarrow C$?
Consider triangle ABC, where PQ is perpendicular to BC and AD is perpendicular to BC. If the length of PQ is half the length of AD, how does the area of triangle PBC relate to the area of triangle ABC, assuming the base BC is common to both triangles?
Consider triangle ABC, where PQ is perpendicular to BC and AD is perpendicular to BC. If the length of PQ is half the length of AD, how does the area of triangle PBC relate to the area of triangle ABC, assuming the base BC is common to both triangles?
Consider $\triangle APB$ and $\triangle AQC$ where $BP \perp AC$ and $CQ \perp AB$. What additional congruence MUST be shown to prove $\triangle APB \cong \triangle AQC$ by Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) congruence?
Consider $\triangle APB$ and $\triangle AQC$ where $BP \perp AC$ and $CQ \perp AB$. What additional congruence MUST be shown to prove $\triangle APB \cong \triangle AQC$ by Angle-Angle-Side (AAS) congruence?
Two triangles share a common base. The altitude of the first triangle is 7 cm and its area is 84 sq cm. If the area of the second triangle is 54 sq cm, what is the length of its altitude?
Two triangles share a common base. The altitude of the first triangle is 7 cm and its area is 84 sq cm. If the area of the second triangle is 54 sq cm, what is the length of its altitude?
If diagonals of quadrilateral $ABCD$ intersect at $Q$ such that $2QA = QC$ and $2QB = QD$, which statement accurately describes the relationship between the areas of $\triangle AQB$ and $\triangle CQD$?
If diagonals of quadrilateral $ABCD$ intersect at $Q$ such that $2QA = QC$ and $2QB = QD$, which statement accurately describes the relationship between the areas of $\triangle AQB$ and $\triangle CQD$?
In a right-angled triangle XYZ where angle XZY is 90 degrees and angle XYZ is 45 degrees, hypotenuse ZY is known. Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the sides?
In a right-angled triangle XYZ where angle XZY is 90 degrees and angle XYZ is 45 degrees, hypotenuse ZY is known. Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between the sides?
If ZY = $3\sqrt{2}$ cm in a 45-45-90 triangle XYZ, what are the lengths of sides XY and XZ?
If ZY = $3\sqrt{2}$ cm in a 45-45-90 triangle XYZ, what are the lengths of sides XY and XZ?
Consider an isosceles right-angled triangle formed using the hypotenuse of two congruent right-angled triangles. How does combining these figures (two congruent right triangles, and one isosceles right triangle) allow for an alternative proof of the Pythagorean theorem?
Consider an isosceles right-angled triangle formed using the hypotenuse of two congruent right-angled triangles. How does combining these figures (two congruent right triangles, and one isosceles right triangle) allow for an alternative proof of the Pythagorean theorem?
In the context of proving the Pythagorean theorem using similar triangles, what role do properties of similar triangles play?
In the context of proving the Pythagorean theorem using similar triangles, what role do properties of similar triangles play?
When constructing a proof of the Pythagorean theorem using a trapezium formed by right-angled triangles, which of the following statements regarding the relationships between the triangle's sides and the trapezium's characteristics is true?
When constructing a proof of the Pythagorean theorem using a trapezium formed by right-angled triangles, which of the following statements regarding the relationships between the triangle's sides and the trapezium's characteristics is true?
Suppose you are tasked with visually demonstrating the Pythagorean theorem to a group of students using geometric shapes. What would be the MOST effective approach to illustrate the relationship $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$?
Suppose you are tasked with visually demonstrating the Pythagorean theorem to a group of students using geometric shapes. What would be the MOST effective approach to illustrate the relationship $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$?
Imagine you are teaching the Pythagorean theorem using similar triangles. You start by drawing a right triangle and then draw an altitude from the right angle to the hypotenuse. Which of the following statements correctly uses the properties of similar triangles created in this construction to prove the theorem?
Imagine you are teaching the Pythagorean theorem using similar triangles. You start by drawing a right triangle and then draw an altitude from the right angle to the hypotenuse. Which of the following statements correctly uses the properties of similar triangles created in this construction to prove the theorem?
A student attempts to prove the Pythagorean theorem using a diagram involving areas of triangles but makes an error by assuming one of the triangles is equilateral instead of remaining as a right triangle. What is the MOST likely outcome of this error on the proof?
A student attempts to prove the Pythagorean theorem using a diagram involving areas of triangles but makes an error by assuming one of the triangles is equilateral instead of remaining as a right triangle. What is the MOST likely outcome of this error on the proof?
In $\triangle ABC$, given $AD \perp BC$, and applying the Pythagorean theorem, which of the following derivations correctly relates the sides?
In $\triangle ABC$, given $AD \perp BC$, and applying the Pythagorean theorem, which of the following derivations correctly relates the sides?
Given $\triangle LMN$ with sides $l=5$, $m=13$, and $n=12$, what justifies the conclusion that $\triangle LMN$ is a right-angled triangle?
Given $\triangle LMN$ with sides $l=5$, $m=13$, and $n=12$, what justifies the conclusion that $\triangle LMN$ is a right-angled triangle?
In $\triangle PQR$, right-angled at $Q$, if $PQ = 9$ cm and $QR = 12$ cm, how does varying the lengths of $PQ$ and $QR$ proportionally affect the length of the hypotenuse $PR$?
In $\triangle PQR$, right-angled at $Q$, if $PQ = 9$ cm and $QR = 12$ cm, how does varying the lengths of $PQ$ and $QR$ proportionally affect the length of the hypotenuse $PR$?
What is the most accurate interpretation of a Pythagorean triplet? (Select all that apply)
What is the most accurate interpretation of a Pythagorean triplet? (Select all that apply)
Given $\triangle MNP$ with $\angle MNP = 90$ and $NQ \perp MP$, $MQ = 9$, $QP = 4$. If the length of $MQ$ is increased by $x$ and $QP$ is decreased by $x$, what value of $x$ would result in $NQ$ doubling, assuming $NQ$ was initially calculated?
Given $\triangle MNP$ with $\angle MNP = 90$ and $NQ \perp MP$, $MQ = 9$, $QP = 4$. If the length of $MQ$ is increased by $x$ and $QP$ is decreased by $x$, what value of $x$ would result in $NQ$ doubling, assuming $NQ$ was initially calculated?
In $\triangle QPR$ with $\angle QPR = 90$, $PM \perp QR$, $Q-M-R$, $PM = 10$, $QM = 8$. How does changing the length of PM affect the relationship between QM and MR?
In $\triangle QPR$ with $\angle QPR = 90$, $PM \perp QR$, $Q-M-R$, $PM = 10$, $QM = 8$. How does changing the length of PM affect the relationship between QM and MR?
In $\triangle ABC$, $AD$ is an altitude to side $BC$. If $AB^2 + CD^2 = BD^2 + AC^2$, which statement about the relationship represents a valid deduction based solely on the Pythagorean theorem?
In $\triangle ABC$, $AD$ is an altitude to side $BC$. If $AB^2 + CD^2 = BD^2 + AC^2$, which statement about the relationship represents a valid deduction based solely on the Pythagorean theorem?
Given that (3, 5, 4) are sides of a triangle, assess whether they form a Pythagorean triplet and explain the mathematical reasoning.
Given that (3, 5, 4) are sides of a triangle, assess whether they form a Pythagorean triplet and explain the mathematical reasoning.
Flashcards
Area Ratio (Equal Heights)
Area Ratio (Equal Heights)
Triangles with equal heights have areas proportional to their bases.
Area Ratio (Equal Bases)
Area Ratio (Equal Bases)
Triangles with equal bases have areas proportional to their heights.
Area Ratio (General)
Area Ratio (General)
The ratio of areas of two triangles is equal to the ratio of the products of their bases and corresponding heights.
Perpendicular Heights
Perpendicular Heights
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Ratio involving parallel lines
Ratio involving parallel lines
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Variable Triangle Height
Variable Triangle Height
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Perpendicular Sides
Perpendicular Sides
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Parallel Line height
Parallel Line height
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AA Test of Similarity
AA Test of Similarity
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SAS Test of Similarity
SAS Test of Similarity
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Opposite Angles
Opposite Angles
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Similar Triangles & Proportional Sides
Similar Triangles & Proportional Sides
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Perpendicular
Perpendicular
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Similar Triangles
Similar Triangles
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Proportion
Proportion
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Corresponding Sides of Similar Triangles
Corresponding Sides of Similar Triangles
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30°-60°-90° Triangle (Side opposite 30°)
30°-60°-90° Triangle (Side opposite 30°)
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30°-60°-90° Triangle (Side opposite 60°)
30°-60°-90° Triangle (Side opposite 60°)
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30°-60°-90° Example
30°-60°-90° Example
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45°-45°-90° Triangle Property
45°-45°-90° Triangle Property
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45-45-90 Triangle Definition
45-45-90 Triangle Definition
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45-45-90 Triangle Side Ratios
45-45-90 Triangle Side Ratios
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45-45-90 Triangle Example
45-45-90 Triangle Example
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Pythagorean Theorem Proof
Pythagorean Theorem Proof
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Area of a Trapezium
Area of a Trapezium
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Area Summation
Area Summation
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Pythagoras: Similar Triangles
Pythagoras: Similar Triangles
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Geometric Mean Theorem
Geometric Mean Theorem
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Geometric Mean Formula
Geometric Mean Formula
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Pythagorean Theorem
Pythagorean Theorem
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Converse of Pythagorean Theorem
Converse of Pythagorean Theorem
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Right Triangle Side Ratio (30°)
Right Triangle Side Ratio (30°)
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30°-60°-90° Theorem (side opposite 30°)
30°-60°-90° Theorem (side opposite 30°)
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30°-60°-90° Theorem (side opposite 60°)
30°-60°-90° Theorem (side opposite 60°)
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45°-45°-90° Theorem
45°-45°-90° Theorem
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Study Notes
Mathematics Part - II Standard X
Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)
- It is the duty of every citizen of India to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
- Citizens should cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the national struggle for freedom.
- Citizens must uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
- Citizens should defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
- Citizens must promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities, and renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
- Citizens should value and preserve the rich heritage of composite culture.
- Citizens must protect and improve the natural environment, including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and have compassion for living creatures.
- Citizens should develop scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
- Citizens should safeguard public property and abjure violence.
- Citizens must strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.
- A parent or guardian must provide opportunities for education to their child or ward between the ages of six and fourteen years.
Preface
- Mathematics Part-II includes Geometry, Trigonometry, Coordinate geometry and Mensuration
- This book aims to provide a lucid explanation of new units, formulas, or applications.
- Each chapter provides examples with practice questions
- Star-marked questions indicate challenging problems for talented students
- The "For more Information" section assists students who want to continue studying mathematics after tenth standard.
- Additional audio-visual material is available via QR codes
- Focus is on preparing thoroughly for the tenth standard examination.
Competencies to be developed
- After studying this book students will be able to:
- Solve examples using properties of similar triangles, congruent triangles, and the Pythagoras theorem.
- Construct similar triangles.
- Use properties of chords and tangents.
- Construct tangents to a circle.
- Find the distance between two points.
- Find the co-ordinates of a point dividing a segment in a given ratio.
- Find the slope of a line.
- Find the length of an arc of a circle.
- Determine the areas of a sector and segment of a circle.
- Compute the surface areas and volumes of three-dimensional objects.
- Solve examples using trigonometric identities.
- Solve problems involving heights and distances using trigonometry.
INDEX
- Similarity: Pages 1 to 29
- Pythagoras Theorem: Pages 30 to 46
- Circle: Pages 47 to 90
- Geometric Constructions: Pages 91 to 99
- Co-ordinate Geometry: Pages 100 to 123
- Trigonometry: Pages 124 to 139
- Mensuration: Pages 140 to 163
- Answers: Pages 164 to 168
Similarity of Triangles
- Ratio of areas of two triangles, Basic proportionality theorem, Tests of similarity of triangles
- Converse of basic proportionality theorem, Property of an angle bisector of a triangle, Property of areas of similar triangles
- The ratio of the intercepts made on the transversals by three parallel lines
Ratio and Proportion
- The numbers a and b are in the ratio m/n, which is written as: the numbers a and b are in proportion m:n.
- This concept considers positive real numbers.
- Lengths of line segments and figure areas are treated as positive real numbers
- The area of a triangle is given by 1/2 * Base * Height.
Ratio of Areas of Two Triangles
- The ratio of the areas of two triangles is equal to the ratio of the products of their bases and corresponding heights.
- For two triangles, if the heights are equal, then the ratio of their areas is equal to the ratio of their corresponding bases
- For two triangles, if the bases are equal, the the ratio of their areas is euqal to the ratio of their corresponding heights.
Basic Proportionality Theorem
- If a line parallel to a side of a triangle intersects the remaining sides in two distinct points, then the line divides the sides in the same proportion
Converse of Basic Proportionality Theorem
- If a line divides any two sides of a triangle in the same ratio, then the line is parallel to the third side
Property of the Angle Bisector
- The bisector of an angle of a triangle divides the side opposite to the angle in the ratio of the remaining side
Angle Bisector Converse Theorem
- If in ∆ABC, point D on side BC is such that AB/AC =BD/DC, then ray AD bisects ∠BAC
Property of Three Parallel Lines and Their Transversals
- The ratio of the intercepts made on a transversal by three parallel lines is equal to the ratio of the corresponding intercepts made on any other transversal by the same parallel lines.
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