30 Questions
A CD quality signal is easily distinguishable from the original speech.
False
The data rate can be increased by a factor of 1000 compared to the message rate.
True
Errors like sampling/quantizing do not require extra rates in digital representations.
False
The term 'data rate' in digital representations serves to differentiate from the inherent information content of the message.
True
A digital representation with higher bit rate is preferred according to the text.
False
The complete speech chain consists of speech production/generation and speech perception/recognition.
True
The ARPAbet code uses phonetic symbols for labeling messages.
True
The phrase 'should we chase' is phonetically represented as [SH UH D — W IY — CH EY S].
True
ARPAbet code requires special fonts for transcription.
False
Neuro-muscular controls involve directing the auditory system.
False
The International Phonetic Association (IPA) provides rules for phonetic transcription.
True
The last step in the speech production process involves physically creating the necessary sound sources.
True
The decoder in speech coding is often referred to as a synthesizer because it reconstructs speech from data.
True
Perfect transmission of coded digital data is not possible under noisy channels.
False
Speech coders can be used for a wide range of audio signals, including music.
False
MP3 and AAC players do not widely use speech coders.
False
One of the applications enabled by speech coders is extremely narrowband communications channels, like those in battlefield applications.
True
The primary goal of a speech coder is to increase data rate without considering perceptual fidelity.
False
In Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis, the input is always in the form of spoken words.
False
Linguistic rules in TTS are responsible for converting printed text input into a set of gestures.
False
TTS output doesn't need to resemble natural voice for accurate decoding by humans.
False
One of the challenges for linguistic rules in TTS is pronouncing acronyms correctly.
True
TTS must simulate the action of the vocal tract system to create appropriate sound sequences.
True
The text highlights that TTS systems do not need to pronounce proper names or specialized terms correctly.
False
ASR technology is only used for voice dictation to create letters and memos.
False
Speech coding at low bit rates is not applicable in cell phones.
False
Spoken names recognition in cell phones is a feature that allows dialing from directories.
True
Automatic language translation is considered an achievable goal.
False
Language translation technology requires only TTS and ASR working in one language.
False
Natural language voice dialogues only enable people to speak using a single language.
False
Study Notes
Applications of ASR and Pattern Matching
- Command and control of computer software using voice
- Voice dictation to create letters, memos, and other documents
- Natural language voice dialogues for help desks and call centers
- Agent services such as calendar entry/updates/address
- Speech coding at low bit rates (on the order of < 8k bps) for voice conversations in cell phones
- Spoken names recognition in cell phones, enabling reading and dialing of hundreds of names from directories
- Automatic language translation, converting spoken words in one language to spoken words in another language
The Speech Chain
- The speech chain consists of speech production/generation and speech perception/recognition
- A digital representation with a lower bit rate is motivated
- Complete speech chain includes speech production and speech perception
- The first step in the speech perception model is to convert an acoustic waveform to a spectral representation
Speech Production
- The speech production process involves three steps:
- Conversion of messages to "neuro-muscular controls" (set of control signals that direct the neuro-muscular system)
- Conversion to articulatory motions (continuous control)
- Creation of sound sources through the vocal tract system
- International Phonetic Association (IPA) provides rules for phonetic transcription
- ARPAbet code is a computer-keyboard-friendly code used for phonetic transcription
Speech Coding
- Goal of speech coder is to reduce data rate while maintaining perceptual fidelity
- Coders utilize aspects of speech production and perception processes
- Speech coders are widely deployed in various applications including narrowband and broadband wired telephony, cellular communications, voice over internet protocol (VoIP), and secure voice for privacy and encryption
- Coders enable storage of speech for telephone answering machines and interactive voice response (IVR) systems
Text-to-Speech (TTS) Synthesis
- TTS system converts ordinary text input into a set of sounds using linguistic rules
- Linguistic rules determine the correct set of sounds, including emphasis, pauses, and rates of speaking
- TTS output must resemble natural voice and be accurately decoded by humans
- TTS system block diagram includes text analysis, sentence analysis, prosody analysis, and waveform generation
Test your knowledge on speech coding concepts introduced by Prof. Yousef Alotaibi. Explore topics such as speech signal reconstruction, data transmission, and the goals of speech coding.
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