Questions and Answers
Which methods of contraception do not require a prescription and can be independently taught by the nurse?
Which symptom is observed in the late stage of syphilis?
Which questions should the nurse ask to determine infertility? (Select all that apply)
What should the nurse do first if a patient presents with signs of possible sexual abuse?
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Which response by the nurse is appropriate to a patient asking inappropriate questions?
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A patient has developed vaginal discharge and flu-like symptoms after unsafe sex. Which disease should the nurse assess for?
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Which advice can the nurse provide to a couple with a hectic work schedule affecting their sexual relationship? (Select all that apply)
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Which strategies does the nurse suggest to enhance sexual functioning in a patient? (Select all that apply)
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Which contraceptive method should the nurse suggest as the most effective?
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Which nursing interventions would be helpful for a patient with decreased libido and depression? (Select all that apply)
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Which sexual health characteristics would the nurse find in a 10-year-old child? (Select all that apply)
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In what order does a man's sexual response occur?
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In what order does the nurse perform the sexual assessment according to the PLISSIT model?
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Which sexually transmitted infections cannot be cured? (Select all that apply)
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Which advice does the nurse provide to a patient using a diaphragm as contraception? (Select all that apply)
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Which statements demonstrate that older adults understand the correct use of condoms? (Select all that apply)
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Which symptom may suggest a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?
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Which patient statement indicates understanding of the normal changes in the female sexual response with aging?
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Which education should the nurse include for a couple who tested positive for HIV?
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Which information should the nurse include when teaching about intrauterine devices (IUDs)?
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Which sexually transmitted disease is known to cause paralysis and psychosis?
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Which reason explains the discomfort of vaginal dryness in a patient on antihistamine therapy?
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Which sexually transmitted infection is responsible for urethritis in a patient diagnosed with nongonococcal urethritis?
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Which sexually transmitted diseases are caused by bacteria? (Select all that apply)
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Which action would the nurse take first when using the PLISSIT model with a couple experiencing sexual health problems?
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Which gland in the vagina secretes lubricants during sexual stimulation?
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Which statements about the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are appropriate? (Select all that apply)
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Which question would the nurse ask a patient reporting inability to maintain an erection during sexual intercourse?
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Which method of contraception does not require a health care provider's prescription?
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Which information should the nurse provide about sexual activity to a patient on antihypertensive therapy?
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Which nursing action is essential since the majority of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have few if any symptoms?
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Which question represents a nonjudgmental approach when gathering a sexual health history?
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Which signs and symptoms might the nurse anticipate finding in the assessment data of a patient diagnosed with sexual dysfunction? (Select all that apply)
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Which medication prescribed by a health care provider might be responsible for a patient developing erectile dysfunction?
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Which type of lubricant can be used with condoms?
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You should always check the condom package for damage or expiration before use.
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What is the primary purpose of using a condom?
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A good place to store condoms is?
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You should not use a condom if you have a latex allergy.
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Which nursing action takes priority when working with a patient who chooses to have an abortion?
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Which components are included in the PLISSIT model of assessment?
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Which actions enhance the nurse's comfort in discussing sexual issues with patients?
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Which questions should the nurse include when conducting a comprehensive sexual history assessment?
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Which instructions should be provided to a patient diagnosed with dyspareunia?
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Which nonprescriptive contraceptive methods can be discussed?
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What teaching would the nurse include when explaining how hormonal contraceptives work?
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Which parts belong to the external female reproductive system?
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Which statements are true about sexuality?
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Which barrier methods prevent pregnancy?
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Which options about birth control methods should the nurse discuss with a teenage girl?
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Which side effects can be expected from haloperidol?
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Which statements about chlamydia are appropriate?
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What is a normal behavior for a 3-year-old regarding self-exploration?
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Where are spermatozoa produced?
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What is one function of the hypothalamus?
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What does it mean if a patient states, 'I just don't conform to my gender role'?
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What response by the nurse is most appropriate when a patient's partner is angry about a sexually transmitted disease?
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In the LI phase of the PLISSIT model, what is an appropriate activity?
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What action by a nurse is best if the partner of a woman in the emergency department won't leave during a domestic violence screening?
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What action by the nurse is best for a woman who is threatened and berated by her partner but denies being in an abusive relationship?
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What statement by a patient with sexual dysfunction indicates progress toward an important goal?
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What action by the nurse is best in the SS phase of the PLISSIT model?
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What statement is best for a nurse planning to incorporate an assessment of patient sexuality?
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What action by an ED manager is best to improve care for victims of sexual assault?
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What charting by a nurse is most appropriate for a victim of domestic violence?
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What Nursing diagnosis is most important for a patient recovering from colostomy surgery who feels unattractive?
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What action by the nurse is best for a male patient taking medication known to cause erectile dysfunction?
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What information from research should a school nurse apply when planning a sex education activity?
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Which combinations of medications and their effects on sexuality are correct?
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Which topics are important for sexuality education in each age group?
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Which are cycles in the female sexual response cycle?
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What actions by the nurse are appropriate if the patient makes sexual comments?
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What actions are most appropriate when addressing a patient's sexual issue?
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What topics should a nurse include in an educational event on safer sex?
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Which characteristics of family dynamics impact a patient's sexuality?
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What factors affect sexual function in patients with chronic diseases?
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Study Notes
Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
- STI Symptoms: Common signs include genital blisters, lesions, pain during intercourse, and discharge. Diarrhea and vomiting are typically unrelated.
- Syphilis: Causative agent is Treponema pallidum. Late stages can lead to severe consequences including blindness, paralysis, and psychosis.
- Nongonococcal Urethritis: Primarily caused by Chlamydia in males, presenting with dysuria and urethral discharge.
- HIV: A blood-borne pathogen that transmits through sexual contact. Survival improves with antiretroviral treatments, but there is currently no cure.
Female Sexual Health and Aging
- Menopause and Sexual Response: Normal includes increased time for orgasm and decreased vaginal lubrication. Significant concerns such as chest pain during intercourse require immediate medical evaluation.
- Contraceptive Choices: IUDs are copper or plastic devices inserted into the uterus to prevent pregnancy, while condoms are available over-the-counter and do not require a prescription.
Sexual Dysfunction
- Erectile Dysfunction: Often linked to antihypertensive medications which may block necessary blood flow for erections. Alcohol use can impair erectile function.
- Dyspareunia: Pain during intercourse can lead to decreased sexual desire and may indicate underlying issues such as psychological distress.
PLISSIT Model
- Initial Approach: The first step in discussing sexual health issues involves seeking permission to ensure the couple feels at ease.
Psychological Factors
- Impact of Mental Health: Factors like anxiety, depression, and guilt often accompany sexual dysfunction and can exacerbate conditions like erectile dysfunction.
Preventative Measures
- Screenings: Regular STI screenings are vital for sexually active individuals due to the asymptomatic nature of many infections.
- Contraceptive Education: Important to provide non-prescriptive options like condoms to enhance sexual health and prevention.
Assessing Sexual Health
- Creating Comfort: Ensuring privacy and comfort is crucial when discussing sexual health. Open-ended questions facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the patient's needs.
Gland Functions in Female Anatomy
- Bartholin's Gland: Responsible for lubricating the vagina during sexual arousal, its decreased secretion can lead to vaginal dryness, particularly affected by antihistamine use.
Contributions of Certain Diseases
- Gonorrhea and Chlamydia: Caused by bacterial infections and are treatable with antibiotics.
- Herpes and Genital Warts: Caused by viruses and are not curable; focus on management rather than elimination.
Key Considerations for Education
- Nonjudgmental Language: Important in sexual history taking to promote trust, using inclusive language to better assess a patient's sexual health needs.### Eye and Syphilis
- Late-stage syphilis can lead to complete corneal damage, resulting in blindness.
- The primary stage of syphilis features a painless ulceration, known as a chancre, at sexual contact sites, evolving into a rash.
- Symptoms of secondary syphilis include headache and weight loss.
Infertility Assessment
- Infertility is diagnosed after 1 year of unprotected intercourse for women under 34 years, and after 6 months for those over 35.
- Key questions for assessing infertility include inquiries about the duration of unprotected intercourse, perceived feelings of failure, and feelings of bodily defectiveness.
- Enjoyment of sexual intercourse and living location do not influence fertility.
Suspected Sexual Abuse
- When a patient shows signs of possible sexual abuse, educating about community resources and escape planning is the immediate priority.
- Assessing the cause of bruises is vital but should not be the first action due to potential safety risks.
- Mandated reporting of abuse is crucial, but should be approached cautiously to avoid elevating the patient’s risk.
Sexual Harassment Responses
- Proper responses to sexual harassment include explaining to the patient that their behavior is inappropriate, ignoring inappropriate questions, and refraining from any response.
- Nurses should maintain a professional demeanor and not admonish the patient, but should indicate that inappropriate behavior is unacceptable.
Chlamydia Symptoms
- Symptoms following unsafe sex such as vaginal discharge, pain, and flu-like symptoms may indicate chlamydia, a bacterial STD.
- Unlike chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphilis present differently (e.g., with sores or lesions), and genital herpes is a viral infection marked by sores.
Improving Sexual Relationships
- To elevate sexual intimacy, couples should avoid substances like alcohol and tobacco, maintain balanced diets, establish regular sleep patterns, and communicate openly about concerns.
- Advising couples to abstain from sexual relations during busy periods is ineffective.
Enhancing Sexual Function
- Strategies to improve sexual function include discouraging alcohol and tobacco use, encouraging physical intimacy (touching/kissing), and promoting open communication with partners.
- Pain management may be beneficial, while the use of comfort aids like pillows is advised if they enhance sexual experience.
Effective Contraception
- Tubal ligation, a surgical procedure, is the most effective permanent contraceptive method, besides abstinence.
- Other methods like diaphragms require proper fitting and are less reliable if not used correctly.
Decreased Libido and Depression
- Helpful nursing interventions for patients experiencing decreased libido and coping difficulties involve assessing causes, goal setting, and encouraging emotional expression.
- Nutritional planning and condom education are not directly relevant to addressing the primary concerns of libido and coping.
Childhood Sexual Characteristics
- By age 10, children tend to question sex and form same-sex friendships, reflecting awareness of gender identity.
- Exploration of masturbation and homosexuality typically occurs during adolescence, while body exploration is more common among preschoolers.
Male Sexual Response Cycle
- The sequence of male sexual response includes stimulation, erection, emission, ejaculation, and detumescence, progressing through these distinct phases.
PLISSIT Model for Sexual Assessment
- The PLISSIT model involves permission to discuss sexual concerns, gathering information, providing suggestions, and potentially referring for intensive therapy.
- Each step must be completed in order to effectively address sexual health issues.
Untreatable STIs
- Herpes and human papillomavirus (HPV) are sexually transmitted infections that currently have no cure.
- Other infections like syphilis, chlamydia, and gonorrhea can be treated and cured with antibiotics.
Diaphragm Contraceptive Advice
- Diaphragms require refitting after pregnancy and should be used with spermicides for enhanced effectiveness; they should not be combined with IUDs.
- Unlike vaginal rings, diaphragms do not have a strict removal schedule.
Condom Use Education
- Adults should check condom packaging for damage and expiration before use and use condoms to reduce STIs.
- Oil-based lubricants can degrade latex condoms, highlighting the need for appropriate lubricant use.
Prioritizing Abortion Conversations
- Nurses need to clarify their values before engaging with patients considering abortion, ensuring nonjudgmental support.
PLISSIT Model in SCIs
- Nurses discussing sexual health with spinal cord injury patients should clarify personal values, engage in role-playing for practice, attend educational conferences, and consult experienced colleagues for enhancing comfort in conversations.### Role of Nurses in Sexual Health
- Role play is utilized in healthcare settings to address fears and anxieties of nurses regarding sexual health topics.
- Continuous education at conferences and seminars is essential for nurses to improve sexual assessment knowledge.
- New nurses should consult experienced colleagues for guidance on policies and procedures.
Comprehensive Sexual History Assessment
- Important questions include the number of children, contraception knowledge, and sexual partner history.
- Urinary tract infections and kidney surgery are unrelated to sexual history assessments.
Dyspareunia Management
- Recommendations for patients with dyspareunia include using water-soluble lubricants and exploring alternative sexual practices.
- Exercise may improve endurance but not sexual desire; contraceptives do not enhance desire.
- Alcohol consumption can decrease sexual function rather than enhance it.
Nonprescriptive Contraceptive Methods
- Methods include abstinence, condoms, spermicides, and timing intercourse based on ovulation.
- Hormonal methods such as skin patches and vaginal rings require prescriptions.
Understanding Hormonal Contraceptives
- Hormonal contraceptives work by preventing ovulation, altering the uterine environment, and thickening cervical mucus.
- They do not directly affect sperm motility or provide a spermicidal barrier.
External Female Reproductive System
- Components include the clitoris, mons pubis, and labia majora, all visible externally.
- The vagina and uterus are internal reproductive structures.
Influencing Factors on Sexuality
- Sexuality is shaped by personal beliefs, environmental factors, chronic illnesses, and cultural norms.
- Medications taken by individuals can also impact sexual functioning.
Barrier Methods for Contraception
- Effective barrier methods include condoms, diaphragms, and spermicidal foam.
- Hormonal methods like oral contraceptives or vaginal rings do not serve as mechanical barriers.
Educating Adolescents on Birth Control
- Discuss barrier methods and the limitations of hormonal methods regarding STIs.
- Emphasize that effective barrier use requires consistency and awareness of protection against STIs.
Side Effects of Haloperidol
- Antipsychotic medication can lead to erectile dysfunction, loss of sexual desire, and ejaculation issues.
- Vaginal dryness may occur due to antihistamines but is not a primary effect of haloperidol.
Chlamydia Infection Knowledge
- It affects the genitourinary tract and can cause conjunctivitis and pneumonia in newborns.
- Chlamydia is treatable with antibiotics and can lead to severe complications if untreated.
Normal Child Behavior
- Touching genitals is a normal behavior for young children as part of self-exploration.
Sperm Production
- The testes are responsible for spermatozoa production and testosterone hormone secretion.
Hypothalamus Function in Reproductive Health
- The hypothalamus is crucial for releasing gonadotropin-releasing hormone, impacting the menstrual cycle.
Understanding Gender Roles
- Nonconformity to gender roles indicates behaviors that defy societal expectations without suggesting abnormality.
Addressing Partner's Anger Regarding STD
- Acknowledge that STDs can be asymptomatic and may have been present prior to the current relationship.
PLISSIT Model in Sexual Health
- Limited Information (LI) phase involves providing essential knowledge like using lubricants.
- SS (Specific Suggestions) entails giving tailored guidance for sexual activity post-medical conditions.
Domestic Violence Screening
- To ensure privacy, take the patient to a private area for discussions about domestic violence.
Education on Domestic Abuse
- Educate the patient on recognizing forms of abuse, highlighting the importance of awareness before discussing safety plans.
Progress Indicators in Sexual Dysfunction
- Statements indicating improvement in satisfactory sexual experiences demonstrate progress in addressing sexual dysfunction.
Normalizing Sexuality Discussions
- Always seek permission to discuss sexual issues to make the conversation feel appropriate and standard in patient assessments.
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Test your knowledge on human sexuality and sexually transmitted infections with these flashcards from Yoost Chapter 24. This quiz will help you understand symptoms and risk factors associated with STIs, enhancing your nursing education.
