Year Nine History: The French Revolution

Overview of the French Revolution

• Occurred from 1789 to 1799, marking a significant social and political upheaval in France.
• Led to the end of absolute monarchy and paved the way for republicanism and democracy globally.

Causes of the French Revolution

• Rooted in social inequality, economic hardship, and political discontent.
• The class system consisted of three estates: clergy, nobility, and commoners, with the Third Estate facing heavy taxation and limited rights.

Key Events

• Estates-General Formation: Convened in 1789 to address the financial crisis; led to the formation of the National Assembly.
• Storming of the Bastille: A pivotal event on July 14, 1789, symbolizing the uprising against the monarchy and oppression.
• Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen: Adopted in August 1789, asserting fundamental rights and principles of freedom and equality.

The Reign of Terror

• Period from 1793 to 1794 characterized by extreme measures against perceived enemies of the Revolution.
• Maximilien Robespierre emerged as a radical leader, promoting purges and executions.

Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

• The Revolution’s chaos enabled Napoleon to gain power, eventually leading to his establishment of the French Empire.
• His rule signified the end of revolutionary aspirations as France transitioned from a republic to an empire.

Impact of the French Revolution

• Abolition of feudal privileges and the class system, promoting social mobility and egalitarianism.
• Sparked the spread of revolutionary ideas across Europe and influenced global movements for democracy and rights.
• Transformation of French society, instituting secularism, nationalism, and civil rights as key foundations.

Primary Sources Analysis

• Engagement with speeches, pamphlets, and artwork from the era provides insight into varying perspectives on the Revolution.
• Helps to understand public sentiment, ideological conflicts, and the cultural milieu of the time.