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Questions and Answers
The Bolshevik Revolution led to the establishment of a democratic government in Russia.
The Bolshevik Revolution led to the establishment of a democratic government in Russia.
False (B)
What were the main demands presented by Lenin in his April Theses?
What were the main demands presented by Lenin in his April Theses?
- Land for the gentry
- Freedom of speech and assembly
- Restoration of the monarchy
- Peace, land, and bread (correct)
Who was the leader that rose to power after Lenin's death in 1924?
Who was the leader that rose to power after Lenin's death in 1924?
Joseph Stalin
The Bolsheviks withdrew from World War I through the Treaty of __________ in March 1918.
The Bolsheviks withdrew from World War I through the Treaty of __________ in March 1918.
Match the key figures of the Russian Revolution with their roles:
Match the key figures of the Russian Revolution with their roles:
Which of the following was a consequence of the Russian Civil War?
Which of the following was a consequence of the Russian Civil War?
The New Economic Policy (NEP) was introduced to encourage complete state ownership of the economy.
The New Economic Policy (NEP) was introduced to encourage complete state ownership of the economy.
What significant change was implemented by the Bolsheviks regarding land ownership?
What significant change was implemented by the Bolsheviks regarding land ownership?
What was a primary cause of the French Revolution?
What was a primary cause of the French Revolution?
The Third Estate consisted solely of the nobility.
The Third Estate consisted solely of the nobility.
Who was a significant philosopher whose ideas influenced the French Revolution?
Who was a significant philosopher whose ideas influenced the French Revolution?
The financial crisis in France was exacerbated by costly ________.
The financial crisis in France was exacerbated by costly ________.
Which event marked the Third Estate's declaration of independence from the Estates-General?
Which event marked the Third Estate's declaration of independence from the Estates-General?
What was one effect of King Louis XVI's indecisiveness?
What was one effect of King Louis XVI's indecisiveness?
Match the following key figures with their contributions to the French Revolution:
Match the following key figures with their contributions to the French Revolution:
The financial burden of taxation was evenly distributed among all three estates.
The financial burden of taxation was evenly distributed among all three estates.
What major event marked the beginning of widespread unrest in Russia in 1905?
What major event marked the beginning of widespread unrest in Russia in 1905?
The Constitution framed in July 1790 aimed to enhance the powers of the king.
The Constitution framed in July 1790 aimed to enhance the powers of the king.
What was the significance of Napoleon's coup d'état in 1799?
What was the significance of Napoleon's coup d'état in 1799?
The event known as __________ led to the establishment of the First French Republic.
The event known as __________ led to the establishment of the First French Republic.
Which of the following best describes the conditions in Russia before 1905?
Which of the following best describes the conditions in Russia before 1905?
Match the following events with their corresponding years:
Match the following events with their corresponding years:
The Reign of Terror began in September 1793 and was a time of political stability in France.
The Reign of Terror began in September 1793 and was a time of political stability in France.
What was one of the primary impacts of socialism in Europe during the early 20th century?
What was one of the primary impacts of socialism in Europe during the early 20th century?
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Study Notes
Timeline of the French Revolution
- 1789 marks the beginning with key events:
- May: Estates-General convenes, initiating discussions on finance and representation.
- June: Formation of the National Assembly, asserting Third Estate's power.
- June 20: Tennis Court Oath, vow to create a constitution.
- July 14: Storming of the Bastille, a symbol of tyranny.
- August 26: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, establishing individual rights.
- October 5: Women’s March on Versailles, demanding social and political reforms.
Key Events in Russian History (Pre- and Post-1917)
- Late 19th Century: Rapid industrialization in Russia causes urbanization and a working-class emergence.
- 1905: "Bloody Sunday" triggers widespread unrest; Tsar Nicholas II issues the October Manifesto for civil liberties and a Duma.
- February 1917: Protests lead to soldier mutiny and the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II, ending Romanov rule.
- April 1917: Lenin returns from exile, promoting Bolshevik takeover with the “Peace, Land, Bread” slogan.
- October 1917: Bolshevik Revolution results in the overthrow of the Provisional Government and establishment of Bolshevik rule.
Post-Revolution Changes in Russia
- 1917-1918: Bolsheviks nationalize banks and redistribute land to peasants; withdraw from World War I via the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
- 1918-1921: Russian Civil War ensues between the Red Army (Bolsheviks) and White Army, causing famine and suffering.
- 1921: Introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP) to stabilize the economy through limited private enterprise.
- 1924: Lenin's death paves the way for Joseph Stalin's rise, leading to significant policy shifts in the Soviet Union.
Key Themes of the Revolutions
- Social Conditions: Harsh labor conditions for workers and peasants in Russia, differing from other European nations.
- Political Conditions: Increasing pressure on Tsarist autocracy from multiple political factions, leading to regime collapse.
- Economic Conditions: Industrialization spurred discontent, contributing to revolution due to unfavorable working and living standards.
Overview of the French Revolution
- The French Revolution (1789-1799) leads to profound social and political transformations, ending absolute monarchy and promoting republicanism.
- Rooted in Enlightenment principles, economic struggles, and social injustices faced by the Third Estate.
Key Causes of the French Revolution
- Social Inequality: Society divided into three estates, with the Third Estate (commoners) bearing the tax burden and lacking political power.
- Economic Hardship: Financial crises due to costly wars, poor harvests, and escalating debt impacting the Third Estate.
- Enlightenment Ideas: Philosophers inspire calls for liberty, equality, and individual rights, challenging the existing authority.
- Weak Leadership: King Louis XVI’s inability to manage the financial crisis exacerbates public discontent and resistance to reform measures.
Major Events Leading to the Revolution
- May 1789: Estates-General called to discuss financial issues, but Third Estate's underrepresentation heightens tensions.
- June 1789: Declaration of the National Assembly by the Third Estate aims to draft a new constitution, claiming representation rights.
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