Year 10 Chemistry Test

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements regarding atomic particles is false?

  • The numbers of neutrons, protons and electrons are always equal in a neutral atom. (correct)
  • Protons are found in the nucleus and are positively charged particles.
  • Neutrons are found in the nucleus and they have no charge.
  • Electrons move around the nucleus and contribute little to the mass of the atom.

Which of the following elements has 4 valence electrons?

  • Carbon (correct)
  • Sulfur
  • Neon
  • Nitrogen

The number of valence electrons in an atom is equal to

  • the number of electrons in the outer energy level of the atom. (correct)
  • the number of electrons needed to fill all the energy levels of the atom.
  • the number of electrons in the atom.
  • the charge on a positive or negative ion formed by that atom.

The number of valence electrons in the Group 2 elements of the Periodic Table is

<p>2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following species does NOT have a stable electron configuration (i.e. like those of an inert gas)?

<p>Cl+ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the ionic formulas below is written incorrectly?

<p>AlOH₃ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The correct name of the molecular substance represented by the formula, N₂O is

<p>dinitrogen monoxide. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If an element has the electron configuration: 2, 8, 2 then it would most likely form an ion of charge

<p>+2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which line of the table below gives the correct information for carbon-14

<p>Protons: 6, Neutrons: 8, electrons: 6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the chemical formula for Copper II nitrate.

<p>Cu(NO₃)₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the chemical formula for Silver chloride.

<p>AgCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the chemical formula for Sodium phosphate.

<p>Na₃PO₄</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the chemical formula for Aluminium carbonate.

<p>Al₂(CO₃)₃</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the chemical formula for Ammonium sulfate.

<p>(NH₄)₂SO₄</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the chemical formula for Zinc hydroxide.

<p>Zn(OH)₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the chemical formula for Potassium sulfide.

<p>K₂S</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for Nitrogen gas?

<p>N₂</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the molecular substance with the formula NO₂?

<p>Nitrogen dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for Sulfur trioxide?

<p>SO₃</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the molecular substance with the formula CO?

<p>Carbon monoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for Phosphorus trichloride?

<p>PCl₃</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for Dihydrogen monoxide?

<p>H₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

Balance the following equation: N₂ + H₂ → NH₃

<p>N₂ + 3H₂ → 2NH₃</p> Signup and view all the answers

Balance the following equation: NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + H₂O

<p>2NaOH + H₂SO₄ → Na₂SO₄ + 2H₂O</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the electron configuration for a Sodium atom.

<p>2, 8, 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the electron configuration for a Chlorine atom.

<p>2, 8, 7</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the electron configuration for an Argon atom.

<p>2, 8, 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give the electron configuration for a Potassium ion (K⁺).

<p>2, 8, 8</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give two pieces of scientific evidence about the inert or noble gases that is explained by the filled outer energy level present in each element in this group.

<ol> <li>Noble gases are chemically unreactive or inert because their full outer electron shell makes them stable, with little tendency to gain, lose, or share electrons. 2. They exist as monatomic gases (single atoms) because they do not need to bond with other atoms to achieve stability.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Three white powders were dissolved in acid then placed into a hot flame. Two of the substances produced a blue flame, and the other a pale green flame. What conclusions can you make about the substances?

<p>Flame tests identify the presence of specific metal ions based on the color imparted to the flame. A blue flame commonly indicates the presence of copper ions (Cu²⁺). A pale green flame often indicates the presence of barium ions (Ba²⁺). Therefore, it is likely that two of the powders contain copper compounds, and one contains a barium compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond? Use NaCl and Cl₂ as examples to assist in your answer.

<p>An ionic bond forms through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions, created by the transfer of electrons, typically between a metal and a non-metal (e.g., Na transfers an electron to Cl, forming Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions in NaCl). A covalent bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between two atoms, typically non-metals, to achieve stable electron configurations (e.g., two Cl atoms share an electron pair in Cl₂).</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sodium and potassium are both in Group 1 of the Periodic Table. Give two properties of these metals.

<ol> <li>They are highly reactive metals, reacting vigorously with water and air. 2. They are soft metals with relatively low melting points compared to most other metals (can be cut with a knife). (Other possible answers include: they form +1 ions, they are good conductors of heat and electricity, they have a silvery appearance when freshly cut).</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Atomic Particles

Particles in an atom; protons are positive (in nucleus), neutrons are neutral (in nucleus), and electrons are negative (orbiting nucleus).

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom; they determine chemical properties.

Valence Electrons of Carbon

Carbon has four valence electrons.

Valence Electrons of Group 2 Elements

Group 2 elements have two valence electrons.

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Dinitrogen Monoxide

Molecular substance with the formula N2O.

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+2 Ion charge

An element with the electron configuration 2, 8, 2 most likely forms an ion with a +2 charge

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Carbon-14 Composition

Carbon-14 has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

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Copper (II) nitrate formula

The chemical formula for Copper (II) nitrate is Cu(NO3)2.

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Silver Chloride Formula

The chemical formula for silver chloride is AgCl.

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Sodium Phosphate Formula

The chemical formula for sodium phosphate is Na3PO4.

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Aluminium Carbonate Formula

The chemical formula for aluminium carbonate is Al2(CO3)3.

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Ammonium Sulfate Formula

The chemical formula for ammonium sulfate is (NH4)2SO4.

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Zinc Hydroxide Formula

The chemical formula for zinc hydroxide is Zn(OH)2.

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Potassium Sulfide Formula

The chemical formula for potassium sulfide is K2S.

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Nitrogen Gas Formula

Nitrogen gas has the formula N2.

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Sulfur Trioxide Formula

Sulfur trioxide has the formula SO3.

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Phosphorus Trichloride Formula

Phosphorus trichloride has the formula PCl3.

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Dihydrogen Monoxide Formula

Dihydrogen monoxide has the formula H2O.

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Study Notes

  • This is a practise chemistry test for year 10 students

Part 1: Multiple Choice

  • Protons are positively charged and reside in the nucleus of an atom.
  • Electrons move around the nucleus and contribute very little to the overall mass of an atom.
  • Neutrons are located in the nucleus and possess no charge.
  • In a neutral atom, the quantity of neutrons doesn't always equal the quantity of protons and electrons.
  • Carbon is the element that has 4 valence electrons.
  • The number of valence electrons in an atom equals the number of electrons in its outermost energy level.
  • Group 2 elements in the periodic table have 2 valence electrons.
  • Chemical species that does not have a stable electron configuration like those of inert gasses is K+.
  • The ionic formula written incorrectly is AlOH3.
  • N2O is dinitrogen monoxide.
  • The element with an electron configuration of 2, 8, 2 tends to form an ion with a +2 charge.
  • Carbon-14 contains 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

Part 2: Written Questions

  • Copper (II) nitrate's chemical formula: Cu(NO3)2
  • Silver chloride's chemical formula: AgCl
  • Sodium phosphate's chemical formula: Na3PO4
  • Aluminum carbonate's chemical formula: Al2(CO3)3
  • Ammonium sulfate's chemical formula: (NH4)2SO4
  • Zinc hydroxide's chemical formula: Zn(OH)2
  • Potassium sulfide's chemical formula: K2S
  • Nitrogen gas formula: N2
  • Sulfur trioxide Formula: SO3
  • Phosphorus trichloride Formula: PCl3
  • Dihydrogen monoxide Formula: H2O
  • Balanced equation: N2 + 3H2 -> 2NH3
  • Balanced equation: 2NaOH + H2SO4 -> Na2SO4 + 2H2O
  • Balanced equation: 4NH3 + 7O2 -> 4NO2 + 2N2O
  • Sodium atom electron configuration: 2, 8, 1
  • Chlorine atom electron configuration: 2, 8, 7
  • Argon atom electron configuration: 2, 8, 8
  • Potassium ion configuration: 2, 8, 8
  • Inert or noble gases have a filled outer energy level, making them stable and unreactive.
  • They exist as monatomic gases.
  • They have high ionization energies.
  • When white powders are dissolved in acid and put into a flame:
  • The blue flame indicates presence of copper.
  • The pale green flame indicates presence of barium.
  • Covalent bonds involve sharing electrons (e.g., Cl2), while ionic bonds involve transferring electrons (e.g., NaCl).
  • Sodium and potassium are both alkali metals in Group 1.
  • They are highly reactive.
  • They are soft metals.

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