Anatomy LC4 ; dipa tapos

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Questions and Answers

Which anatomical structure passes between the arm and the forearm in the cubital fossa?

Accessory flexor of the forearm

Coracoid process

Brachialis muscle (correct)

Supinator muscle

What is the role of the intermuscular septa in the limb?

They facilitate digital flexion.

They serve as attachment points for tendons.

They divide the limb into compartments. (correct)

They provide vascular supply to the muscles.

In relation to the elbow joint, where is the cubital fossa located?

Posteriorly at the elbow joint

Distal to the elbow joint

Anteriorly to the elbow joint (correct)

Medially near the wrist

Which of the following descriptions correctly identifies a structure associated with the coracoid process?

It serves as a muscle attachment site for the short head of the biceps. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the structures located in the cubital fossa?

To allow various movements of the forearm and hand. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the opponens pollicis muscle?

Medially rotates the thumb (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the recurrent branch of the median nerve?

Abductor pollicis brevis (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main action of the hypothenar muscles?

Flexion and abduction of the little finger (B) Signup and view all the answers

What nerve innervates the hypothenar muscles?

Ulnar nerve (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which structure serves as the origin for the flexor pollicis brevis?

Tubercle of the trapezium (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle is primarily responsible for abducting the thumb to the metacarpophalangeal joint?

Abductor pollicis brevis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable difference between the thenar and hypothenar muscles?

Hypothenar muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a function of the thenar muscles?

Adduction of the little finger (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major?

Flexes the humerus (A) Signup and view all the answers

How is the sternocostal head of pectoralis major assessed for normal function?

By adducting the arm against resistance after abducting to 60° (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is primarily involved in testing the serratus anterior muscle?

Long thoracic nerve (B) Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structures are involved in the insertion of the subclavius muscle?

Inferior surface of the 1st rib and its costal cartilage (B) Signup and view all the answers

What action is performed by the serratus anterior muscle?

Protracts the scapula and holds it against the thoracic wall (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the palpation technique for the clavicular head of pectoralis major?

Arm abducted at 90° and moved anteriorly against resistance (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1) related to the pectoralis muscles?

It innervates both heads of the pectoralis major (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the location of the costal attachments of pectoralis minor?

Cartilages of the 3rd to 5th ribs near their border (C) Signup and view all the answers

What actions does the abductor pollicis longus primarily facilitate?

Abducts the thumb (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve innervates the extensor pollicis longus?

Interosseous nerve (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the extensor pollicis brevis?

Extending the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the extensor pollicis longus originate?

Posterior surface of the ulna (A) Signup and view all the answers

What condition is commonly referred to as 'tennis elbow'?

Lateral epicondylitis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What common symptom might indicate tendinitis of the extensor muscles?

Pain over the lateral epicondyle (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle can also extend both the carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints of the thumb?

Extensor pollicis brevis (C) Signup and view all the answers

What structure is distal to the attachment of the supinator and anconeus?

Interosseous membrane (D) Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical feature primarily contributes to the flexor function of the forearm at the elbow joint?

Brachialis (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves has a direct contribution to the Brachialis muscle?

Musculocutaneous nerve (B) Signup and view all the answers

The Brachialis muscle attaches to which part of the ulna?

Tuberosity of the ulna (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which surfaces of the humerus does the Brachialis muscle primarily interact with?

Medial and lateral surfaces (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of the Brachialis muscle at the glenohumeral joint?

Flexion of the forearm (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the additional nerve contribution to the Brachialis muscle mentioned in the content?

Radial nerve (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of the humerus is the Brachialis muscle primarily located?

Anterior aspect (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which intermuscular septae does the Brachialis muscle associate with?

Lateral intermuscular septum (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pectoralis Major

Composed of two heads: clavicular and sternocostal.
Clavicular head flexes the humerus; sternocostal head extends from a flexed position.
Clavicular head tested by abducting the arm at 90° and pushing anteriorly against resistance.
Sternocostal head tested at 60° arm abduction, followed by adduction against resistance.
Both heads can be palpated during testing.

Subclavius

Originates at the junction of the 1st rib and its costal cartilage.
Innervated by the subclavius nerve (C5, C6).
Anchors and depresses the clavicle.

Serratus Anterior

Protracts and holds the scapula against the thoracic wall.
Tested by pushing an outstretched hand against a wall.
Innervated by the long thoracic nerve (C5, C6).

Muscles in the Arm

Brachialis: Powerful forearm flexor at the elbow, originating from the humerus and inserting on the ulna. Innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6).
Composed of anterior and posterior compartments separated by intermuscular septa.

Abductor Pollicis Longus

Located on the posterior surfaces of the ulna and radius.
Abducts the thumb at the carpometacarpal joint.
Innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8).

Extensor Pollicis Brevis

Extends the thumb at the metacarpophalangeal joint.
Originates from the posterior surface of the radius.
Innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8).

Extensor Pollicis Longus

Extends the thumb at the interphalangeal joint.
Innervated by the posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8).

Elbow Tendinitis (Tennis Elbow)

Condition resulting from repetitive use of forearm extensor muscles.
Characterized by pain over the lateral epicondyle, radiating down the forearm.
Activities such as opening doors or lifting objects can exacerbate the pain.

Thenar and Hypothenar Muscles

Thenar group: Controls thumb movements, including abduction and opposition.
Hypothenar group: Supports little finger movements with similar functions (flex, abduct, oppose).
Hypothenar muscles are innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve, unlike thenar muscles.

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