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• Adisseo's efficiency strategy involves extracting hidden feed potential.
• Optimizing feed cost and diet is key to driving profitability in live animal production.
• Feed cost constitutes 60-70% of the total production cost.
• Nutrient density and raw material levels are key to balancing feed cost and performance.

Profitability & Margin

• Low feed cost does not always result in maximum margin.
• Reducing feed cost per animal by reducing nutrient density differs from reducing feed cost per kilogram of live weight or carcass.
• Aim to maximize margin over feed rather than just reducing feed cost.

Feed Formulation

• Feed formulation is the process to quantify feed ingredients for a uniform diet meeting all nutrient requirements of the animal.
• The ultimate goal of feed formulation is to maximize economic return through best feed conversion efficiency and to have least cost per product. Raw material price volatility is a challenge to profitability.

Raw Material Variability

• Variability in raw material prices are presented for yellow corn and US soya from 2020-2024.
• There are visual differences among 15 tested maize hybrids (H1-H15).
• DDGS (Dried Distillers Grains with Solubles) can be scored by color.

Factors Affecting Variability of Feedstuffs

• Variability in feedstuffs is affected by grain varieties and growing conditions as external factors.
• Post-harvest storage has an impact on variability.
• Processing methods (like starch digestibility) as well as the presence of anti-nutritional factors influence feed variability.

Alternative Raw Materials

• Alternative raw materials can be used in feed formulations - Common food and milling by-products in animal feeds include:
  • Soapstock/acid oil, coco oil, corn germ meal, DDGS and rice bran

Energy Variation in Cassava

• There are variations in energy concentrations in different cassava samples for broilers.
• Example, AME (Apparent Metabolizable Energy, kcal/kg) and AMEn values for Thailand v.s Philippino cassava samples are summarized from 2016.
• There are variations in energy concentrations of rice milling co-products when fed to broilers.
• BR = broken rice, RM = rice middlings, RB = rice bran.

Considerations and Constraints

Considerations and constraints when choosing raw materials include:

• Acceptability of the feed ingredient
• Digestibility of the feed ingredient
• Presence of toxins and anti-nutritional factors
• Health status of the birds
• Presence of bacterial and viral diseases

Anti-Nutritional Factors

• Approximately 20% of feed is indigestible, and 80% is digestible.
• Non Digestible Fraction (NDF) is mainly represented by fibers.
• Fibers, particularly Non-Starch Polysaccharides (NSP) and Phytate, negatively impact nutrient digestibility, blocking 10-20% of nutrients.
• Phytate levels vary in feedstuffs, making table values unreliable.
• Phytase value/optimal usage depend on phytic P and nutritional interactions.
• Arabinoxylan content varies.

Analysis of Raw Materials

• Variability is the nutritionist's nightmare.
• When dealing with AME/DAA (Digestible Amino Acids) variation: -Book value = average value of corn -Equation is based on proximate composition. AMEN WPSA = 36.21 x CP + 85.44 x Fat + 37.26 x NFE In vitro measures digestibility, DM, and protein. In vivo conducts actual AME tests.
• Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS)

NIR Advantages

• Accuracy
• No consumption of reactive agent
• Non destructive analysis
• Safety
• Low Cost
• Rapid analysis method
• Numerous analyses
• Automation

Raw Materials

• Raw material prices and variety impact purchasers, nutritionists, and quality managers.
• PNE (Precise Nutrition Evaluation) analysis is offered for poultry and pig feed ingredients on dry matter, crude protein, fiber, ash, and fat, apparent metabolizable energy (AME/AMEn), crude protein.
• The analysis covers total amino acids, AA digestibility, and digestible AA, as well as total-P phytic-P, available P (poultry), and digestible P (pig).

PNE Benefits

• It highlights the energy content variability of raw materials.
• Analysis is precise, in-depth, and quick.
• Allows adjustment of safety margins for animal needs.
• It provides measurable economic benefits without overfeeding or impacting animal performance.

Heat Treatment Effect

• Effect of heat treatment on digestibility percentage of A.A (Amino Acids) in SBM (Soybean Meal):
  • Simple test to approve PNE reliability in every lab.

PNE Prediction & Cost

• PNE prediction can save money.
• The Opportunity includes saving feed cost and improving farm profitability!
• There is a difference in cost between in vivo AMEn and Brazilian Tables/WPSA/CVB calculations.
• Using PNE can help achieve an optimal feed formula.
• Raw materials are tested for proximate factors, starch, fiber, amino acids, and AME.
• 35+ raw materials, 75+ parameters tested with 820 calibrations using 300,000+ samples by 360 customers and 415 labs in over 65 countries.

PNE Results

• An average PNE results from Oct to Dec 2024, covers corn, wheat, soybean, rice, and wheat:
  • Levels of N, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, ash, AME, AMEn, NE, as well as amino acids (lysine, methionine, cysteine, threonine, tryptophan) reported.
• It is important integrate analytical results into nutritional values.
• Adisseo provides a calculation tool for consistent matrix building.
• "CASCADING" equations - are used for each parameter and raw ingredient.
• Feedase is a solution for releasing energy and enhancing amino acid digestibility with phytase and carbohydrates.
• It has been shown that a 24% indigestible fraction can be identified and adapted into the nutritional matrix.
• TAA;DAA;AME and Phytic P - can be used to formulate ingredients to expected levels
• It enables formulation with based on true values
• ADICT provides easy ADICT results instead of table values.
• The major ingredients in feeds vary significantly.
• PNE/NIRS captures this variability in a Basic model (Proximate)
• PNE/NIRS captures this variability in an Advanced models (TAA;DAA;AME and Phytic P)
• Formulation is all about risk management by updating continuously.
• This process is achieved because the results are analytical and accurate.

Feed Enzymes

• In feed formulation, enzymes are applied to help break down indigestible components.
• These enzymes can inactivate antinutritional factors, break down chemical structures, or compensate insufficient natural enzymes in animals.
• The benefits include the release of nutrients, flexibility in feed formulation, improved nutrient retention, possibility to reduce raw materials quantity in the feed through the matrix.