Human Anatomy

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Questions and Answers

Which organ system is responsible for controlling body functions and interpreting stimuli?

  • Respiratory System
  • Digestive System
  • Nervous System (correct)
  • Circulatory System

What is the primary function of the Heart in the Circulatory System?

  • To absorb nutrients
  • To facilitate breathing
  • To digest food
  • To pump blood (correct)

Which system is responsible for bringing oxygen into the body and removing carbon dioxide?

  • Respiratory System (correct)
  • Nervous System
  • Circulatory System
  • Endocrine System

What is the primary function of the Small Intestine in the Digestive System?

<p>Nutrient absorption (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system is responsible for producing and regulating hormones?

<p>Endocrine System (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the Muscular System?

<p>To move the body and maintain posture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body region contains the brain, sense organs, and mouth?

<p>Head (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Urinary System?

<p>To filter waste and regulate electrolytes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the front of the body?

<p>Anterior (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which body cavity contains the heart and lungs?

<p>Thoracic cavity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for near the point of attachment?

<p>Proximal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Organ Systems

  • Nervous System: controls body functions, interprets and responds to stimuli
    • Central Nervous System (CNS): brain, spinal cord
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): nerves, ganglia
  • Circulatory System: transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products
    • Heart: pumps blood
    • Blood vessels: arteries, veins, capillaries
  • Respiratory System: brings oxygen into the body, removes carbon dioxide
    • Lungs: exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
    • Trachea, bronchi, diaphragm: facilitate breathing
  • Digestive System: breaks down and absorbs nutrients
    • Mouth: mechanical and chemical digestion
    • Stomach: chemical digestion
    • Small intestine: nutrient absorption
    • Large intestine: water absorption, waste elimination
  • Endocrine System: produces and regulates hormones
    • Glands: pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, pancreas, etc.
  • Integumentary System: protects the body, regulates temperature
    • Skin: epithelial tissue, dermis, hypodermis
    • Hair, nails, sweat glands: associated structures
  • Muscular System: moves the body, maintains posture
    • Skeletal muscles: voluntary movement
    • Smooth muscles: involuntary movement
    • Cardiac muscles: heart function
  • Skeletal System: provides support, protection, and movement
    • Bones: 206 in the adult human skeleton
    • Joints: connect bones, allow movement
  • Urinary System: filters waste, regulates electrolytes
    • Kidneys: filter blood, produce urine
    • Ureters, bladder, urethra: transport and store urine
  • Reproductive System: produces sex cells, supports reproduction
    • Male: testes, epididymis, vas deferens, penis
    • Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina

Body Regions

  • Head: contains the brain, sense organs, and mouth
  • Neck: connects the head to the torso
  • Torso: contains the chest and abdominal cavities
  • Upper limb: arm, forearm, hand
  • Lower limb: thigh, leg, foot
  • Back: posterior region of the torso and upper limb

Body Cavities

  • Cranial cavity: contains the brain
  • Thoracic cavity: contains the heart, lungs
  • Abdominal cavity: contains the digestive organs
  • Pelvic cavity: contains the reproductive organs

Directional Terms

  • Anterior: front
  • Posterior: back
  • Superior: above
  • Inferior: below
  • Medial: towards the midline
  • Lateral: away from the midline
  • Proximal: near the point of attachment
  • Distal: far from the point of attachment

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