X-ray Therapy: Tube Potential and Current
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Questions and Answers

Who is credited with the invention of the cobalt-60 teletherapy machine?

  • Harald E. Johns (correct)
  • Albert Einstein
  • Enrico Fermi
  • Marie Curie
  • What is the reason for replacing the source in a cobalt-60 machine every five years?

  • To reduce the machine's weight
  • To change the type of radiation produced
  • To improve the machine's efficiency
  • Due to the decay of the source by approximately 1% per month (correct)
  • Why are cobalt-60 machines still used in developing countries?

  • They are more expensive than modern machines
  • They have a simpler design and lower cost (correct)
  • They produce higher energy radiation
  • They require advanced technical support
  • What is the purpose of the gantry in a modern cobalt therapy machine?

    <p>To rotate the source about a horizontal axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which cobalt-60 is produced?

    <p>Irradiation of neutrons of the common stable form of 59Co</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for exact and reproducible selection of tube potential and current in therapeutic use of X-rays?

    <p>To achieve more precise therapy than diagnostic purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the source-axis distance (SAD) in a cobalt-60 machine?

    <p>It is either 80 cm or 100 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal type of selection for tube potential, current, and filter on a therapy machine console?

    <p>Press-the-button type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the switches on the console of the therapy machine?

    <p>To select the needed filter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of movement is allowed by the design of the tube stand?

    <p>Both translational and rotational movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the electrical or mechanical brakes on the tube stand?

    <p>To fix the position of the beam during treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the scales on the tube stand?

    <p>To record the treatment setup position or changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the steel shell with lead in the source head?

    <p>For shielding purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when the source is in the BEAM-OFF position?

    <p>A light source appears in the BEAM-ON position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the source indicator rod?

    <p>To indicate when the beam is ON</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done first in case of an accidental source stuck?

    <p>Turn the gantry to the opposite direction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the T-rod?

    <p>To push the source to the OFF position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the safety feature incorporated in both methods of moving the tele-therapy source?

    <p>Automatic termination of the beam in case of power failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary advantage of the rotating gantry-mounted machines in gamma-ray teletherapy?

    <p>They allowed for isocentric treatment of the patient with multiple beams.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the consequence of the massive shielding for the radioactive source on the gantry assembly?

    <p>It presented a considerably heavy load for the gantry assembly to accommodate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the advantage of the pitch and roll movements available on some machines?

    <p>They allowed for treatment of poorly non-ambulant patients in an upright position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the compact room design address the radiation protection requirements?

    <p>By balancing the radiation head on the gantry with a shield.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the wedges used in these machines?

    <p>To shape the radiation beam.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of treatments were often performed using the pitch and roll movements?

    <p>Single-field and single-shot treatments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was used to control the radiation delivery in the absence of dosimetry monitoring?

    <p>A timer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of modifying the exposure time with a transit time?

    <p>To accommodate the finite time it takes for the source to reach the treatment position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often is the dose rate of the source typically checked by absolute measurement?

    <p>Monthly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the physical motion of the source?

    <p>Timer error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the timer error determined?

    <p>At the time of machine beam calibration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs even when the source is in the BEAM-OFF position?

    <p>Some radiation leakage occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

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