X-Ray Circuitry Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary circuit in x-ray equipment?

The part that rectifies current

The part that lowers voltage

The part that produces x-rays

The part that increases the supplied 220V (correct)

What is the purpose of the secondary circuit in x-ray equipment?

The purpose of the secondary circuit is to increase the voltage to the kilovoltage needed to produce x-rays and to rectify the current from AC to DC.

What type of current does a rectifier convert?

Alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).

The primary circuit is made up of _____ components.

main power switch, circuit breaker, autotransformer, timer circuit, primary side of the step-up transformer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical voltage and current for the filament circuit in x-ray tubes?

The filament circuit produces a heating current in the region of 5A at the voltage of 12V. Signup and view all the answers

Which transformer generally serves as the kVp selector?

Autotransformer Signup and view all the answers

The rheostat is controlled through the mA station.

True Signup and view all the answers

Which device helps to smooth the voltage waveform in x-ray equipment?

Capacitor Signup and view all the answers

A device that regulates the length of time electrons cross the x-ray tube is known as an _____ timer.

exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the key function of an automatic exposure control (AEC)?

Terminate exposure at a preset density level Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of semi-conducting crystals in a solid-state rectifier?

P-type and N-type. Signup and view all the answers

P-type crystal has an abundance of _____ traps.

electron Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the current when the voltage decreases in a transformer?

The current increases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship defined by the transformer law?

There is a direct proportion between the ratio of wire turns and the ratio of voltage Signup and view all the answers

The glass vacuum bulb in x-ray tubes contains one electrode.

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

X-Ray Circuitry Overview

Primary Circuit: Increases supplied 220V to necessary levels for x-ray production.
Secondary Circuit: Increases voltage to kilovolts for x-ray generation, rectifies AC to DC, and includes the x-ray tube.
Filament Circuit: Supplies heating current (around 5A at 12V) to the x-ray tube filament.

Components of Primary Circuit

Contains the main power switch, circuit breaker, autotransformer, timer circuit, and primary side of step-up transformer.
Circuit Breaker: Protects against shock circuits; interrupts current flow if it exceeds safe levels.
Timer Circuit: Controls the high voltage timing across the x-ray imaging system.
Autotransformer: Adjusts voltage based on selected kilovolt peak (kVp) settings, using self-induction.
Step-Up Transformer: Raises voltage to required levels for x-ray tube operation.

Components of Secondary Circuit

Comprised of the secondary side of the step-up transformer, mA meter, rectifiers, and x-ray tube.
mA Meter: Monitors the x-ray tube current.
Rectifier: Converts AC to DC, allowing current to flow in one direction.

X-Ray Tube Essentials

Consists of a glass vacuum bulb containing two electrodes.
Electrons travel from cathode to anode, generating x-rays upon deceleration.
Filament Circuit Components: Includes rheostat, step-down transformer, and filaments.

Transformer Types and Functions

Transformer Types: Autotransformer, step-up transformer, and step-down transformer.
Transformer Law: Describes the proportional relationship between wire turns and voltage.

Electrical Concepts

Voltage (V): Electrical potential between two points.
Alternating Current (AC): Current where electrons flow back and forth.
Mutual Induction: Current in one conductor induces current in another.

Ripple and Current Control

Full-Wave Rectification: Utilizes all AC for DC conversion.
Ripple Percentage: Variations in output voltage; single-phase full-wave is 100% ripple, while 3-phase 12 pulse reduces it to 3.5%.

Advanced Power Generation

Three-Phase Power: Produces three simultaneous voltage waveforms, maintaining voltage during exposure.
High-Frequency Generator: Provides a constant high voltage waveform for the x-ray tube.
Capacitors: Smooth voltage waveform to reduce ripple to less than 1%.

Resistance and Control Mechanisms

Resistance: Resists current flow in circuits.
Rheostat: Regulates resistance and current in the filament circuit.
Exposure Timer: Manages exposure duration for image production.

Automatic Exposure and Ionization

Automatic Exposure Control (AEC): Adjusts exposure based on patient thickness.
Ionization Chamber: Measures radiation levels by detecting ionization of gas within.

Miscellaneous Components

Solid-State Rectifier: Converts AC to DC using semiconductor materials, consists of p-type and n-type crystals.
Electronic Timer: Operates based on charging time of a capacitor.
Synchronous Timer: Operated by a motor providing precise timing at 60 revolutions per second.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the primary and secondary circuits in x-ray equipment with these flashcards. Understand the differences between these circuits and their roles in producing x-rays. Ideal for students and professionals in radiology and medical imaging.