Questions and Answers
What is the primary circuit in x-ray equipment?
What is the purpose of the secondary circuit in x-ray equipment?
The purpose of the secondary circuit is to increase the voltage to the kilovoltage needed to produce x-rays and to rectify the current from AC to DC.
What type of current does a rectifier convert?
Alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC).
The primary circuit is made up of _____ components.
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What is the typical voltage and current for the filament circuit in x-ray tubes?
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Which transformer generally serves as the kVp selector?
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The rheostat is controlled through the mA station.
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Which device helps to smooth the voltage waveform in x-ray equipment?
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A device that regulates the length of time electrons cross the x-ray tube is known as an _____ timer.
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What is the key function of an automatic exposure control (AEC)?
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What are the two types of semi-conducting crystals in a solid-state rectifier?
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P-type crystal has an abundance of _____ traps.
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What happens to the current when the voltage decreases in a transformer?
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What is the relationship defined by the transformer law?
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The glass vacuum bulb in x-ray tubes contains one electrode.
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Study Notes
X-Ray Circuitry Overview
- Primary Circuit: Increases supplied 220V to necessary levels for x-ray production.
- Secondary Circuit: Increases voltage to kilovolts for x-ray generation, rectifies AC to DC, and includes the x-ray tube.
- Filament Circuit: Supplies heating current (around 5A at 12V) to the x-ray tube filament.
Components of Primary Circuit
- Contains the main power switch, circuit breaker, autotransformer, timer circuit, and primary side of step-up transformer.
- Circuit Breaker: Protects against shock circuits; interrupts current flow if it exceeds safe levels.
- Timer Circuit: Controls the high voltage timing across the x-ray imaging system.
- Autotransformer: Adjusts voltage based on selected kilovolt peak (kVp) settings, using self-induction.
- Step-Up Transformer: Raises voltage to required levels for x-ray tube operation.
Components of Secondary Circuit
- Comprised of the secondary side of the step-up transformer, mA meter, rectifiers, and x-ray tube.
- mA Meter: Monitors the x-ray tube current.
- Rectifier: Converts AC to DC, allowing current to flow in one direction.
X-Ray Tube Essentials
- Consists of a glass vacuum bulb containing two electrodes.
- Electrons travel from cathode to anode, generating x-rays upon deceleration.
- Filament Circuit Components: Includes rheostat, step-down transformer, and filaments.
Transformer Types and Functions
- Transformer Types: Autotransformer, step-up transformer, and step-down transformer.
- Transformer Law: Describes the proportional relationship between wire turns and voltage.
Electrical Concepts
- Voltage (V): Electrical potential between two points.
- Alternating Current (AC): Current where electrons flow back and forth.
- Mutual Induction: Current in one conductor induces current in another.
Ripple and Current Control
- Full-Wave Rectification: Utilizes all AC for DC conversion.
- Ripple Percentage: Variations in output voltage; single-phase full-wave is 100% ripple, while 3-phase 12 pulse reduces it to 3.5%.
Advanced Power Generation
- Three-Phase Power: Produces three simultaneous voltage waveforms, maintaining voltage during exposure.
- High-Frequency Generator: Provides a constant high voltage waveform for the x-ray tube.
- Capacitors: Smooth voltage waveform to reduce ripple to less than 1%.
Resistance and Control Mechanisms
- Resistance: Resists current flow in circuits.
- Rheostat: Regulates resistance and current in the filament circuit.
- Exposure Timer: Manages exposure duration for image production.
Automatic Exposure and Ionization
- Automatic Exposure Control (AEC): Adjusts exposure based on patient thickness.
- Ionization Chamber: Measures radiation levels by detecting ionization of gas within.
Miscellaneous Components
- Solid-State Rectifier: Converts AC to DC using semiconductor materials, consists of p-type and n-type crystals.
- Electronic Timer: Operates based on charging time of a capacitor.
- Synchronous Timer: Operated by a motor providing precise timing at 60 revolutions per second.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the primary and secondary circuits in x-ray equipment with these flashcards. Understand the differences between these circuits and their roles in producing x-rays. Ideal for students and professionals in radiology and medical imaging.
