Questions and Answers
Name the 2 subdivisions of the x-ray circuit.
Main circuit, Filament circuit
Define/describe the Main circuit.
Supplies x-ray tube with high voltage (kVp), low amperage (mA) needed for x-ray production.
Define/describe the Filament Circuit.
Supplies the filament in the cathode with ~10 volts, ~5 amps for thermionic emission.
What are the 2 parts/sides of the main circuit called?
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Name the 5 components that make up the primary side of the main circuit.
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Name the 4 components that make up the secondary side of the main circuit.
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What does the main breaker do and where is it usually located? What is the main power being supplied to our rooms for x-ray?
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What does the exposure switch do? Where is it located/connected to? What kind of switch is it?
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What is attached in parallel to an Autotransformer?
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Describe/discuss the Autotransformer.
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What does the Timer Circuit do?
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What is the function of the Primary side of high voltage step-up transformer, and what does this specific component mark regarding the main circuit?
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What component marks the separation of the primary and secondary side of the main x-ray circuit?
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What is attached in series to the Secondary side of the step-up transformer?
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What does the Rectification System do?
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What is the function of the rotor stator?
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What is the function of the Filament Circuit?
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For Thermionic emission to work, the incoming line in the circuit must be modified to ____ to ______ amps and ___ to _____ volts.
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Name the 2 components of the Filament Circuit.
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What is another name for the rheostat?
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What is another name for the variable resistor?
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Describe/Discuss Variable resistor (rheostat).
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What component of the x-ray circuit is controlled by mA selector?
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What does the step-down transformer do in the filament circuit?
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Name the 5 common diagnostic x-ray console controls that are controlled by the technologists.
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For kVp control selection, what factor does it effect? What circuit element does it control? and where is it located within the x-ray circuit?
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For mA control selection, what factor does it effect? What circuit element does it control? and where is it located within the x-ray circuit?
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For control of time selection, what factor does it effect? What circuit element does it control? and where is it located within the x-ray circuit?
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For control of rotor switch, what factor does it effect? What circuit element does it control? and where is it located within the x-ray circuit?
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For control of exposure switch, what factor does it effect? What circuit element does it control? and where is it located within the x-ray circuit?
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What does the timer circuit control?
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Where is the timer circuit located?
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Name the 4 types of timers.
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Describe/define Electronic timers.
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Name the lettered areas of the x-ray circuit.
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Name the numbered areas of the x-ray circuit.
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Which timer is the only timer located on the secondary side of the main circuit?
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What kind of timer works based on exposure length and the time it takes to charge a capacitor through a variable resistor and once charge is complete, exposure is terminated?
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Describe/define Automatic exposure control (AEC).
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What is an ionization chamber and how does it work?
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What type of timer uses an ionization chamber?
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State the 2 main electrical requirements of an x-ray tube.
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An x-ray generator converts __________ energy into ________ energy.
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The part of the x-ray generator that supplies the high voltage necessary between the cathode and the anode is called the _______ circuit.
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The part of the x-ray generator that supplies current and voltage to the cathode of the x-ray tube is called the __________ circuit.
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The main power line in a hospital is usually a ________ volt, ________ hertz A.C.source.
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Each of the hot wires in the main power line varies up to __________ volts positive or negative, with respect to the neutral wire.
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The turns ratio of an ____________ can be varied by selecting the number of turns between connectors on a single coil.
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The voltage on the secondary side of the autotransformer shown below will be _________ (higher/lower) when the selector is at position 2 than when it's at position 5.
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To raise the voltage higher than the autotransformer is capable of raising it, a _____________ transformer is included in the tube circuit.
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The autotransformer is connected at the __________ (primary/secondary) side of the step-up transformer.
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If a step-up transformer has a turns ratio of 500 to 1 and a voltage of 220 volts exists on the primary side, then the voltage of ____________ volts will exist on the secondary side.
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An x-ray tube operates most efficiently with ______ (AC/DC), but the auto-transformer and step-up transformer require ________ (AC/DC).
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The circuit component that changes A.C. to D.C. is called a ___________.
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A __________ is a device that allows current to flow in one direction only.
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The two types of diodes are:
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The purpose of the ____________ in the filament circuit is to allow the operator to vary the current in the circuit.
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The position of the removable contact on the rheostat determines the amount of _________ and indirectly, the current in the filament circuit.
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The filament circuit contains a ____________ (step up/step down) transformer.
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The tube and filament circuit are connected at what part of the x-ray tube?
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Study Notes
X-Ray Circuit Overview
- The x-ray circuit is divided into two main subdivisions: the main circuit and the filament circuit.
- The main circuit supplies high voltage (kVp) and low amperage (mA) to the x-ray tube for producing x-rays.
Main Circuit Components
- Comprised of two sides: primary low voltage side and secondary high voltage side.
- Key components of the primary side: main breaker, exposure switch, autotransformer, timer circuit, and primary side of the high voltage step-up transformer.
- Key components of the secondary side: secondary side of the step-up transformer, rectification system, x-ray tube, and rotor stator.
Filament Circuit Functionality
- Supplies approximately 10 volts and 5 amps to the filament in the cathode, enabling thermionic emission.
- Two main components include a variable resistor (rheostat) and a step-down transformer.
Voltage and Current Control
- Required modifications for thermionic emission are 3-5 amps and 6-12 volts.
- The autotransformer adjusts the incoming line voltage (220 V) based on kVp to produce the necessary voltage for the x-ray exposure.
- The timer circuit regulates the time duration the current flows through the x-ray tube, typically located on the primary side.
Exposure Controls
- Technologists control various functions via console controls: kVp selection, mA selection, time selection, rotor switch, and exposure switch.
- Electronic timers are commonly used, offering precise exposures based on capacitor charging time.
Rectification System
- Converts alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) necessary for effective x-ray production.
- The diode is a crucial component; it only allows current flow in a single direction.
Additional Circuit Details
- Each hot wire in the main power line can vary by 110 volts relative to the neutral wire.
- The step-up transformer is crucial for increasing voltage beyond what the autotransformer can achieve.
- The x-ray tube operates efficiently with DC, while transformers require AC inputs.
Ionization Chamber and AEC
- The automatic exposure control (AEC) uses an ionization chamber to determine exposure termination based on the patient's body thickness and composition.
- The ionization chamber liberates electrons when ionized by x-rays, generating an electric charge that signals exposure stop.
Summary of Terminology
- The main circuit provides the necessary high voltage for the x-ray tube, while the filament circuit supplies lower voltage and current specifically for the filament.
- Critical terms include: autotransformer, step-down transformer, rheostat (variable resistor), and diode.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of x-ray circuits through this quiz. Learn about the main circuit and filament circuit, along with their functions in x-ray production. Perfect for students studying radiology or imaging technology.