Questions and Answers
Skin on breast is ____ thick at base
2mm
What is the single fixed external landmark of the breast?
nipple
What is the most common location for an accessory nipple?
6 o'clock
What percentage of the breast is made up of fat?
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Tall women have a more ______ pectoral muscle
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Short women have a more ________ pectoral muscle
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What is the MLO angle range?
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What is the most common MLO angle?
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What does the external stroma do?
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What is the function of the internal stroma?
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Where is glandular tissue located in the breast?
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What is atrophy in the context of breast tissue?
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Where does atrophy begin?
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What is the size of lobules in the breast?
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Lobules hold ________ producing elements
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How many intralobular terminal ducts are in each lobule?
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What are intralobular terminal ducts?
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____% of lymph drains to the axilla
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____% of lymph drains to the internal mammary chain
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In which quadrant are lymph nodes most commonly found?
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How many axillary nodes are in the breast?
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What is the size of axillary nodes?
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What shape do axillary nodes typically have?
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Which hormones affect the female breast? (Select all that apply)
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Which hormones are produced in the ovaries by the Graafian follicle cells and corpus luteum cells?
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Prolactin is secreted by?
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When is prolactin only present?
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Higher breast density is _______ to image
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Higher breast density has a greater amount of?
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Low breast density has a greater amount of?
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High breast density can increase breast cancer risk by?
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_____ % of the population has dense breast
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What is Breast Cancer Risk N1?
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What is Breast Cancer Risk P1?
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What is Breast Cancer Risk P2?
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What is Breast Cancer Risk D4?
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% of women with fatty breast
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% of women with scattered density breast
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% of women with heterogeneously dense breast
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% of women with extremely dense breast
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The male breast is made up of mostly _____ tissue
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What does the male breast not contain?
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When does breast development happen in females?
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What is Tanner Stage 1?
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What occurs in Tanner Stage 2?
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What occurs in Tanner Stage 3?
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What is Tanner Stage 4 characterized by?
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What occurs in Tanner Stage 5?
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What is premature thelarche?
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Study Notes
Breast Anatomy and Development
- Skin thickness on the breast base measures 2mm.
- The nipple serves as the single fixed external landmark of the breast.
- Most common location for accessory nipples is at the 6 o'clock position.
- Approximately 80-85% of breast composition is fat.
- Taller women typically have a vertical pectoral muscle orientation; shorter women exhibit a horizontal orientation.
Mammographic Views and Structures
- MLO (Mediolateral Oblique) angle ranges from 30-60 degrees, with 45 degrees being the most common angle.
- External stroma supports larger ductal structures, while internal stroma defines and shapes lobules.
Lobules and Milk Production
- Lobules are 1-2 mm in size and contain milk-producing elements.
- Each lobule comprises 10-100 intralobular terminal ducts, connecting to acini.
Lymphatic Drainage
- 75% of lymph drains to the axilla; 25% drains to the internal mammary chain.
- Lymph nodes are predominantly located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast.
- There are 12-30 axillary nodes, mostly less than 2 cm in size, typically shaped like kidney beans.
Hormonal Influence on Breast Tissue
- Female breast development is influenced by estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin.
- Estrogen and progesterone are produced in the ovaries by Graafian follicle cells and corpus luteum cells.
- Prolactin, secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, is present during breast development, pregnancy, and lactation.
Breast Density and Cancer Risk
- Higher breast density complicates imaging and consists of more breast and connective tissue.
- Lower density contains a higher percentage of fatty tissue.
- High breast density increases breast cancer risk by 4-6 times.
- Approximately 50% of the population has dense breasts.
Breast Cancer Risk Categories
- Breast Cancer Risk N1 indicates the lowest risk.
- Risk P1 signifies low risk.
- Risk P2 denotes high risk.
- Risk D4 relates to the highest cancer risk.
Demographics of Breast Density
- 10% of women have fatty breasts.
- 40% of women fall under scattered density.
- 40% of women have heterogeneously dense breasts.
- 10% experience extremely dense breasts.
Male Breast Anatomy
- The male breast primarily comprises fatty tissue.
- Male breasts lack Cooper's ligaments and specialized lobules.
Tanner Stages of Breast Development
- Tanner Stage 1: Before puberty; no breast development.
- Tanner Stage 2: Breast elevation, formation of breast bud, enlargement of areola, with ultrasound showing retroareolar nodules.
- Tanner Stage 3: Obvious enlargement; ultrasound reveals hyperechoic glandular tissue and Morgagni tubercles.
- Tanner Stage 4: Further breast enlargement; ultrasound shows hyperechoic fibroglandular tissue.
- Tanner Stage 5: Full development of breast contour.
Conditions Related to Breast Development
- Premature thelarche refers to early breast development in females.
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Test your knowledge on breast anatomy and X-ray specifics with these flashcards. Each card focuses on critical terms and definitions related to the breast structure and landmarks. Perfect for students in medical imaging or related fields.