X-ray Lady Section 1 Notes

Questions and Answers

Skin on breast is ____ thick at base

2mm

What is the single fixed external landmark of the breast?

nipple

What is the most common location for an accessory nipple?

6 o'clock

What percentage of the breast is made up of fat?

80-85% Signup and view all the answers

Tall women have a more ______ pectoral muscle

vertical Signup and view all the answers

Short women have a more ________ pectoral muscle

horizontal Signup and view all the answers

What is the MLO angle range?

30-60 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common MLO angle?

45 degrees Signup and view all the answers

What does the external stroma do?

holds the larger ductal structures Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the internal stroma?

help define the lobule and give it its shape Signup and view all the answers

Where is glandular tissue located in the breast?

centrally and laterally Signup and view all the answers

What is atrophy in the context of breast tissue?

replacement of glandular tissue with fatty tissue Signup and view all the answers

Where does atrophy begin?

medial and posterior tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of lobules in the breast?

1-2 mm Signup and view all the answers

Lobules hold ________ producing elements

milk Signup and view all the answers

How many intralobular terminal ducts are in each lobule?

10-100 Signup and view all the answers

What are intralobular terminal ducts?

ending to ductal pattern that connect to acini Signup and view all the answers

____% of lymph drains to the axilla

75 Signup and view all the answers

____% of lymph drains to the internal mammary chain

25 Signup and view all the answers

In which quadrant are lymph nodes most commonly found?

upper outer Signup and view all the answers

How many axillary nodes are in the breast?

12-30 Signup and view all the answers

What is the size of axillary nodes?

mostly less than 2cm Signup and view all the answers

What shape do axillary nodes typically have?

kidney bean Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones affect the female breast? (Select all that apply)

Prolactin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are produced in the ovaries by the Graafian follicle cells and corpus luteum cells?

estrogen and progesterone Signup and view all the answers

Prolactin is secreted by?

anterior lobe of pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

When is prolactin only present?

breast development, pregnancy, and lactation Signup and view all the answers

Higher breast density is _______ to image

harder Signup and view all the answers

Higher breast density has a greater amount of?

breast and connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

Low breast density has a greater amount of?

fatty tissue Signup and view all the answers

High breast density can increase breast cancer risk by?

4-6x Signup and view all the answers

_____ % of the population has dense breast

50 Signup and view all the answers

What is Breast Cancer Risk N1?

lowest risk of breast cancer Signup and view all the answers

What is Breast Cancer Risk P1?

low risk Signup and view all the answers

What is Breast Cancer Risk P2?

high risk Signup and view all the answers

What is Breast Cancer Risk D4?

highest risk Signup and view all the answers

% of women with fatty breast

10 Signup and view all the answers

% of women with scattered density breast

40 Signup and view all the answers

% of women with heterogeneously dense breast

40 Signup and view all the answers

% of women with extremely dense breast

10 Signup and view all the answers

The male breast is made up of mostly _____ tissue

fatty Signup and view all the answers

What does the male breast not contain?

cooper's ligaments or specialized lobules Signup and view all the answers

When does breast development happen in females?

8-13 years old Signup and view all the answers

What is Tanner Stage 1?

before puberty Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in Tanner Stage 2?

elevation of the breast/papillas formation of breast bud, enlargement of areola Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in Tanner Stage 3?

obvious enlargement and formation Signup and view all the answers

What is Tanner Stage 4 characterized by?

further enlargement of the breast Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in Tanner Stage 5?

full development of breast contour Signup and view all the answers

What is premature thelarche?

early breast development Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Breast Anatomy and Development

Skin thickness on the breast base measures 2mm.
The nipple serves as the single fixed external landmark of the breast.
Most common location for accessory nipples is at the 6 o'clock position.
Approximately 80-85% of breast composition is fat.
Taller women typically have a vertical pectoral muscle orientation; shorter women exhibit a horizontal orientation.

Mammographic Views and Structures

MLO (Mediolateral Oblique) angle ranges from 30-60 degrees, with 45 degrees being the most common angle.
External stroma supports larger ductal structures, while internal stroma defines and shapes lobules.

Lobules and Milk Production

Lobules are 1-2 mm in size and contain milk-producing elements.
Each lobule comprises 10-100 intralobular terminal ducts, connecting to acini.

Lymphatic Drainage

75% of lymph drains to the axilla; 25% drains to the internal mammary chain.
Lymph nodes are predominantly located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast.
There are 12-30 axillary nodes, mostly less than 2 cm in size, typically shaped like kidney beans.

Hormonal Influence on Breast Tissue

Female breast development is influenced by estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin.
Estrogen and progesterone are produced in the ovaries by Graafian follicle cells and corpus luteum cells.
Prolactin, secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, is present during breast development, pregnancy, and lactation.

Breast Density and Cancer Risk

Higher breast density complicates imaging and consists of more breast and connective tissue.
Lower density contains a higher percentage of fatty tissue.
High breast density increases breast cancer risk by 4-6 times.
Approximately 50% of the population has dense breasts.

Breast Cancer Risk Categories

Breast Cancer Risk N1 indicates the lowest risk.
Risk P1 signifies low risk.
Risk P2 denotes high risk.
Risk D4 relates to the highest cancer risk.

Demographics of Breast Density

10% of women have fatty breasts.
40% of women fall under scattered density.
40% of women have heterogeneously dense breasts.
10% experience extremely dense breasts.

Male Breast Anatomy

The male breast primarily comprises fatty tissue.
Male breasts lack Cooper's ligaments and specialized lobules.

Tanner Stages of Breast Development

Tanner Stage 1: Before puberty; no breast development.
Tanner Stage 2: Breast elevation, formation of breast bud, enlargement of areola, with ultrasound showing retroareolar nodules.
Tanner Stage 3: Obvious enlargement; ultrasound reveals hyperechoic glandular tissue and Morgagni tubercles.
Tanner Stage 4: Further breast enlargement; ultrasound shows hyperechoic fibroglandular tissue.
Tanner Stage 5: Full development of breast contour.

Premature thelarche refers to early breast development in females.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on breast anatomy and X-ray specifics with these flashcards. Each card focuses on critical terms and definitions related to the breast structure and landmarks. Perfect for students in medical imaging or related fields.