Podcast
Questions and Answers
Skin on breast is ____ thick at base
Skin on breast is ____ thick at base
2mm
What is the single fixed external landmark of the breast?
What is the single fixed external landmark of the breast?
nipple
What is the most common location for an accessory nipple?
What is the most common location for an accessory nipple?
6 o'clock
What percentage of the breast is made up of fat?
What percentage of the breast is made up of fat?
Tall women have a more ______ pectoral muscle
Tall women have a more ______ pectoral muscle
Short women have a more ________ pectoral muscle
Short women have a more ________ pectoral muscle
What is the MLO angle range?
What is the MLO angle range?
What is the most common MLO angle?
What is the most common MLO angle?
What does the external stroma do?
What does the external stroma do?
What is the function of the internal stroma?
What is the function of the internal stroma?
Where is glandular tissue located in the breast?
Where is glandular tissue located in the breast?
What is atrophy in the context of breast tissue?
What is atrophy in the context of breast tissue?
Where does atrophy begin?
Where does atrophy begin?
What is the size of lobules in the breast?
What is the size of lobules in the breast?
Lobules hold ________ producing elements
Lobules hold ________ producing elements
How many intralobular terminal ducts are in each lobule?
How many intralobular terminal ducts are in each lobule?
What are intralobular terminal ducts?
What are intralobular terminal ducts?
____% of lymph drains to the axilla
____% of lymph drains to the axilla
____% of lymph drains to the internal mammary chain
____% of lymph drains to the internal mammary chain
In which quadrant are lymph nodes most commonly found?
In which quadrant are lymph nodes most commonly found?
How many axillary nodes are in the breast?
How many axillary nodes are in the breast?
What is the size of axillary nodes?
What is the size of axillary nodes?
What shape do axillary nodes typically have?
What shape do axillary nodes typically have?
Which hormones affect the female breast? (Select all that apply)
Which hormones affect the female breast? (Select all that apply)
Which hormones are produced in the ovaries by the Graafian follicle cells and corpus luteum cells?
Which hormones are produced in the ovaries by the Graafian follicle cells and corpus luteum cells?
Prolactin is secreted by?
Prolactin is secreted by?
When is prolactin only present?
When is prolactin only present?
Higher breast density is _______ to image
Higher breast density is _______ to image
Higher breast density has a greater amount of?
Higher breast density has a greater amount of?
Low breast density has a greater amount of?
Low breast density has a greater amount of?
High breast density can increase breast cancer risk by?
High breast density can increase breast cancer risk by?
_____ % of the population has dense breast
_____ % of the population has dense breast
What is Breast Cancer Risk N1?
What is Breast Cancer Risk N1?
What is Breast Cancer Risk P1?
What is Breast Cancer Risk P1?
What is Breast Cancer Risk P2?
What is Breast Cancer Risk P2?
What is Breast Cancer Risk D4?
What is Breast Cancer Risk D4?
% of women with fatty breast
% of women with fatty breast
% of women with scattered density breast
% of women with scattered density breast
% of women with heterogeneously dense breast
% of women with heterogeneously dense breast
% of women with extremely dense breast
% of women with extremely dense breast
The male breast is made up of mostly _____ tissue
The male breast is made up of mostly _____ tissue
What does the male breast not contain?
What does the male breast not contain?
When does breast development happen in females?
When does breast development happen in females?
What is Tanner Stage 1?
What is Tanner Stage 1?
What occurs in Tanner Stage 2?
What occurs in Tanner Stage 2?
What occurs in Tanner Stage 3?
What occurs in Tanner Stage 3?
What is Tanner Stage 4 characterized by?
What is Tanner Stage 4 characterized by?
What occurs in Tanner Stage 5?
What occurs in Tanner Stage 5?
What is premature thelarche?
What is premature thelarche?
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Study Notes
Breast Anatomy and Development
- Skin thickness on the breast base measures 2mm.
- The nipple serves as the single fixed external landmark of the breast.
- Most common location for accessory nipples is at the 6 o'clock position.
- Approximately 80-85% of breast composition is fat.
- Taller women typically have a vertical pectoral muscle orientation; shorter women exhibit a horizontal orientation.
Mammographic Views and Structures
- MLO (Mediolateral Oblique) angle ranges from 30-60 degrees, with 45 degrees being the most common angle.
- External stroma supports larger ductal structures, while internal stroma defines and shapes lobules.
Lobules and Milk Production
- Lobules are 1-2 mm in size and contain milk-producing elements.
- Each lobule comprises 10-100 intralobular terminal ducts, connecting to acini.
Lymphatic Drainage
- 75% of lymph drains to the axilla; 25% drains to the internal mammary chain.
- Lymph nodes are predominantly located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast.
- There are 12-30 axillary nodes, mostly less than 2 cm in size, typically shaped like kidney beans.
Hormonal Influence on Breast Tissue
- Female breast development is influenced by estrogen, progesterone, and prolactin.
- Estrogen and progesterone are produced in the ovaries by Graafian follicle cells and corpus luteum cells.
- Prolactin, secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, is present during breast development, pregnancy, and lactation.
Breast Density and Cancer Risk
- Higher breast density complicates imaging and consists of more breast and connective tissue.
- Lower density contains a higher percentage of fatty tissue.
- High breast density increases breast cancer risk by 4-6 times.
- Approximately 50% of the population has dense breasts.
Breast Cancer Risk Categories
- Breast Cancer Risk N1 indicates the lowest risk.
- Risk P1 signifies low risk.
- Risk P2 denotes high risk.
- Risk D4 relates to the highest cancer risk.
Demographics of Breast Density
- 10% of women have fatty breasts.
- 40% of women fall under scattered density.
- 40% of women have heterogeneously dense breasts.
- 10% experience extremely dense breasts.
Male Breast Anatomy
- The male breast primarily comprises fatty tissue.
- Male breasts lack Cooper's ligaments and specialized lobules.
Tanner Stages of Breast Development
- Tanner Stage 1: Before puberty; no breast development.
- Tanner Stage 2: Breast elevation, formation of breast bud, enlargement of areola, with ultrasound showing retroareolar nodules.
- Tanner Stage 3: Obvious enlargement; ultrasound reveals hyperechoic glandular tissue and Morgagni tubercles.
- Tanner Stage 4: Further breast enlargement; ultrasound shows hyperechoic fibroglandular tissue.
- Tanner Stage 5: Full development of breast contour.
Conditions Related to Breast Development
- Premature thelarche refers to early breast development in females.
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