Anatomy and Function of the Breast

Anatomy

• The breast is a glandular organ located on the chest wall, consisting of:
  • Adipose tissue (fat)
  • Glandular tissue (lobules and ducts)
  • Connective tissue (ligaments and Cooper's ligaments)
• The breast is divided into four quadrants:
  1. Upper outer quadrant
  2. Upper inner quadrant
  3. Lower outer quadrant
  4. Lower inner quadrant

Function

• The breast is responsible for:
  • Producing milk for lactation (nourishment of offspring)
  • Regulating hormones (estrogen and progesterone)

Development

• Breast development occurs during:
  • Embryonic development (week 6-8)
  • Puberty (estrogen and progesterone influence)
  • Pregnancy (hormonal changes)

Changes During Life Stages

• Puberty: Breast buds form, and estrogen and progesterone stimulate growth
• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes prepare the breast for lactation
• Lactation: Milk production and secretion
• Menopause: Hormonal changes lead to breast tissue atrophy

Clinical Relevance

• Breast cancer: Most common cancer in women, affecting glandular tissue
• Breastfeeding: Important for infant nutrition and bonding
• Breast cosmetic procedures: Augmentation, reduction, and reconstruction for aesthetic or functional purposes