X-Linked Recessive Enzyme Deficiencies Quiz

Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)

To convert carbons from the Krebs Cycle into amino acids

In the liver mitochondria

<p>1:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes help create energy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes make reactions more probable and easier to occur.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The high energy intermediate is the point at the top of the mountain in the reaction diagram.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The four main functions of enzymes are: 1) Bringing substrates together in space and time, 2) Lowering the free energy of activation, 3) Stabilizing the high energy intermediate, and 4) Making reactions go faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>7 rounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Palmitic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has no double bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Omega-3 FA</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cyclo-oxygenase (COX) or lipo-oxygenase (LOX) pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prostaglandin A-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfonylureas block the voltage-sensitive potassium channels, which keeps potassium within the cell and promotes insulin release.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Second Generation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypoglycemia and Sulfa-associated side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Incretin mimetics mimic the incretins (glucagon like peptide-1 [GLP-1]) that are secreted by the intestinal wall in response to food. They potentiate glucose-induced insulin release, inhibit glucagon release, inhibit GI secretion and motility, and inhibit appetite and food intake, leading to weight loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The primary function of enzymes is to catalyze chemical reactions in the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The major side effects of antibiotics include aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome, and allergic reactions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An isomer has the same chemical makeup but a different structure, while an epimer has the same chemical makeup and structure but differs around one chiral carbon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The body breaks down sources of energy in the following order: plasma glucose, liver glycogen, proteins, lipids, and ketones. The body builds the sources back up in the same order they were broken down by anabolic pathways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complex I (NADH dehydrogenase) regenerates NAD+ and pumps H+ into the intermembranous space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>NADH is worth 3 ATPs (actually 2.5).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>FADH2 is formed during the beta-oxidation of fatty acids and the citric acid cycle. It is worth 2 ATPs (actually 1.5) and transfers electrons to Complex II.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Complex 1: Amytal, Rotenone; Complex 2: Malonate; Complex 3: Antimycin; Complex 4: CO, CN, Chloramphenicol; Complex 5: Oligomycin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competitive inhibition occurs when the substrate and inhibitor have similar properties and bind to the same active site. Non-competitive inhibition occurs when the substrate and inhibitor do not have similar properties and the inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, called the allosteric site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competitive inhibition increases the Km value, which represents the substrate concentration at which the enzyme reaches half of its maximum velocity. As Km increases, the affinity of the enzyme for the substrate decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-competitive inhibition decreases the Vmax value, which represents the maximum velocity of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. As Vmax decreases, the efficacy of the substrate decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>We prefer drugs that act by competitive inhibition because they are reversible. This means that if a patient overdoses, the effect can be reversed. Additionally, these types of drugs are used in diseases that have a worse prognosis than the side effects of the drug.</p> Signup and view all the answers