Genetics Quiz: Autosomal & X-Linked Traits
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Questions and Answers

What is the probability that a child of two healthy carriers for an autosomal recessive disease will be affected?

  • Cannot be predicted
  • 75%
  • 50%
  • 25% (correct)

An individual with 47 chromosomes, including an extra chromosome 13, is categorized as which type?

  • Triplet
  • Triploid
  • Trivalent
  • Trisomic (correct)

What is the probability that a male child of a healthy carrier woman will inherit Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

  • 25%
  • 10%
  • 50% (correct)
  • 100%

How many autosomes are found in a haploid human genetic set?

<p>22 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes a dominant character?

<p>Manifests in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a black female rabbit (whose mother was white) is crossed with a white male, what is the probability of black offspring?

<p>50% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the karyotype associated with Down syndrome?

<p>47, (+21) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be defined as aneuploidy?

<p>A number of chromosomes one less than the normal number (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What genotype allows a male subject to express an autosomal dominant disease while his partner is unaffected?

<p>Heterozygous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which karyotype corresponds to a female with Turner syndrome?

<p>45 XO (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by both gain and loss of genetic material due to a reciprocal balanced translocation?

<p>Neither loss nor gain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which technique for prenatal diagnosis is typically performed around the 15th week of gestation?

<p>Amniocentesis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the occurrence of different mutations within the same gene causing the same monofactorial disease?

<p>Allelic heterogeneity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of genetic counseling, how does consanguinity affect the risk of recessive inheritance diseases?

<p>It increases the risk (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the karyotype associated with Klinefelter syndrome?

<p>47 XXY (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the inheritance pattern of a disease that affects both males and females equally and shows up in every generation?

<p>Autosomal dominant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Allele origin in genotype

The paternal and maternal alleles of a gene present in an individual's genotype.

Healthy carrier of cystic fibrosis

A person carrying one copy of the recessive allele for cystic fibrosis, but who does not have the disease.

Reciprocal balanced translocation

A chromosomal rearrangement where parts of two non-homologous chromosomes are swapped without any loss or gain of genetic material.

Klinefelter syndrome karyotype

A male with an extra X chromosome, resulting in a 47 XXY karyotype.

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Amniocentesis

A prenatal diagnostic technique performed around the 15th week of gestation, involving sampling fluid from the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus.

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Risk of inheriting autosomal dominant disease

The probability of a child inheriting the disease is 50% when a father with an autosomal dominant disease marries a normal woman.

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Allelic heterogeneity

When the same monofactorial disease is caused by different mutations in the same gene.

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Turner syndrome karyotype

A female with only one X chromosome (45X karyotype).

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Trisomy

A condition where an individual possesses an extra copy of a specific chromosome, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes in their cells.

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Dominant trait

A genetic trait expressed in both homozygous and heterozygous conditions. In other words, only one copy of the dominant allele is needed for the trait to be expressed.

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Down syndrome

A genetic disorder characterized by an extra copy of chromosome 21, resulting in distinctive physical features and intellectual disabilities.

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Aneuploidy

A genetic condition where an individual has a different number of chromosomes than the typical 46. This can involve having one extra or one fewer chromosome.

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X-linked recessive inheritance

An inheritance pattern where a trait is carried on the X chromosome, and females are usually carriers while males are affected more severely.

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Probability of child inheriting recessive disorder

The probability of two healthy carrier parents having a child with an autosomal recessive disorder.

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Black coat color dominance in rabbits

A genetic condition where the allele for black coat color is dominant over the allele for white coat color in rabbits.

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Cross between white and gold rabbits

The process of crossing a white male rabbit with a gold female rabbit, where the gold color is determined by the Ww genotype.

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Study Notes

Genetics Questions and Answers

  • Question 1: Two healthy carriers for an autosomal recessive disease have a child. What is the probability their first child will have the disease?

    • 25%

  • Question 2: A male with 47 chromosomes, including an extra chromosome 13, is described as:

    • Trisomic

  • Question 3: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is X-linked recessive. A healthy carrier woman has a male child. What is the probability the child will have the disease?

    • 50%

  • Question 4: How many autosomes are present in a human haploid set?

    • 22

  • Question 5: A dominant trait:

    • Manifests in both homozygous and heterozygous individuals

  • Question 6: In rabbits, black fur is dominant to white. A black female whose mother was white is crossed with a white male. What is the probability of having black offspring?

    • 50%

  • Question 7: A heterozygous individual for an autosomal recessive mutation marries a homozygous affected individual. What is the probability of having an affected child?

    • 100%

  • Question 8: What is the karyotype for Down Syndrome?

    • 47, (+21)

  • Question 9: What can aneuploidy involve?

    • A chromosome number that is one unit less than the normal number.

  • Question 10: A white male horse is crossed with a gold female horse. Genes for color are: WW = brown, Ww = gold, ww = white. What is the expected phenotype frequency in the offspring?

    • 50% gold, 50% white

  • Question 11: In a genotype, alleles from a gene are:

    • One from each parent

  • Question 12: Cystic fibrosis is autosomal recessive. A carrier individual is:

    • Heterozygous

  • Question 13: In a balanced reciprocal translocation:

    • There is no net gain or loss of genetic material

  • Question 14: What is the karyotype for Klinefelter syndrome?

    • 47, XXY

  • Question 15: Which prenatal diagnostic technique is performed around week 15?

    • None of the options listed were the correct answer for this question.

  • Question 16: A male with an autosomal dominant disorder marries a healthy woman. What is the risk of having an affected child?

    • 50%

  • Question 17: If variations are due to different mutations in the same gene, they describe:

    • Allelic heterogeneity

  • Question 18: Karyotype 45X is most appropriate for which condition?

    • Turner syndrome

  • Question 19: Consanguinity between spouses is important in the risk of recurrence for:

    • Recessive genetic diseases

  • Question 20: What is the most probable inheritance pattern in a given pedigree?

    • Could not be determined from the provided information.

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Genetics Exam Questions PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on genetics with this quiz that covers key concepts like autosomal recessive diseases, chromosomal abnormalities, and inheritance patterns. Explore questions about probabilities related to genetic traits and understand the principles of dominant and recessive alleles in various organisms.

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