X-linked Agammaglobulinemia and Common Variable Immunodeficiency

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Which immune deficiency disorder is characterized by the inability of Pro-B cells to differentiate into Pre-B cells due to lack of tyrosine kinase?

Hypogammaglobulinemia

Common variable immunodeficiency

X-linked agammaglobulinemia(Bruton’s) (correct)

Isolated IgA deficiency

Which immune deficiency disorder is characterized by low levels of antibodies in the blood?

Isolated IgA deficiency (correct)

Common variable immunodeficiency

X-linked agammaglobulinemia(Bruton’s)

Hyper IgM syndrome

Which immune deficiency disorder shows a normal level of antibodies and lymphocytes but reduced IgA in serum?

X-linked agammaglobulinemia(Bruton’s)

Common variable immunodeficiency

Isolated IgA deficiency (correct)

Hyper IgM syndrome

Why can a test for celiac disease show a false negative result in a person with IgA deficiency?

Low IgA level in the blood serum Signup and view all the answers

Which immune deficiency disorder is associated with life-threatening anaphylaxis post blood transfusion due to the recognition of transfused IgA as foreign?

Isolated IgA deficiency Signup and view all the answers

What is the specific defect in Hyper IgM syndrome that leads to the inability of helper T cells to activate B cells and macrophages?

CD40L deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which germ layer gives rise to connective tissue, ovaries, testes, spleen, heart, blood, and kidneys?

Mesoderm Signup and view all the answers

At what stage does the embryonic heart begin to beat?

Day 21 Signup and view all the answers

What structure anchors the chorionic sac to the endometrium?

Cytotrophoblast shell Signup and view all the answers

Which zone of spinal cord development develops into white matter tracks?

Outer marginal zone Signup and view all the answers

When is maternal-fetal circulation needed due to the diffusion of nutrients being insufficient?

Week 4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the structure present in week 3 that is composed of an extraembryonic mesenchymal core surrounded by cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast?

Tertiary chorionic villi Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure that becomes the anus?

Cloacal membrane Signup and view all the answers

What forms the neural tube?

Neural folds/grooves Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the allantois in early development?

Bladder development Signup and view all the answers

Which germ layer gives rise to the CNS, PNS, hair, teeth, and neural crest cells?

Ectoderm Signup and view all the answers

What structure separates the abdomen and the thoracic cavity?

Septum transversum Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the closure of neuropores?

Marks the end of neurulation Signup and view all the answers

Where is the cardiogenic mesoderm located?

Anterior and lateral to the notochordal process Signup and view all the answers

What happens with the neural crest cells during neural folding?

They migrate and can become part of PNS Signup and view all the answers

What structure out pouches from the causal wall of the umbilical vesicle and into the connecting stalk?

Urachus Signup and view all the answers

What is the first formation in neurulation?

The neural plate (day 19) Signup and view all the answers

What is the known prognosis for Hyper IgM?

Not good prognosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main biology feature of DiGeorge syndrome?

T-cell deficiency Signup and view all the answers

How is 22q11 deletion syndrome diagnosed?

In childhood due to complex cardiac abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency)?

Deficiency in cytokine receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the genetic defect associated with Hereditary Angioedema?

C2 deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which immunodeficiency disorder involves accumulation of toxic deoxyadenosine?

SCID Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment for Hereditary Angioedema?

C1 inhibitor from blood products Signup and view all the answers

What is the major feature of Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)?

Fluid buildup leading to hearing loss Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical findings of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) in the tympanic membrane?

Fluid, bulging, ear pain Signup and view all the answers

Why does Otitis Media have a higher incidence in children aged 0-5?

Eustachian tube anatomy in young children Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is commonly associated with causing meningitis and sepsis in children?

Haemophilus influenzae Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique virulence factor of gram-negative pathogens that is released when they die?

Lipid A chains Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen is commonly resistant to beta-lactam drugs such as penicillin and amoxicillin?

Moraxella catarrhalis Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the prechordal plate in embryology?

Organizing the structure of the head Signup and view all the answers

Which pathogen contributes to 90% of the microbiota of the skin?

Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

'Pyocyanin' triggers free radical accumulation and causes tissue damage in infections caused by which pathogen?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Signup and view all the answers

'Otopathogens' are pathogens that increase the chance of ear infections. Which pathogen is considered an 'otopathogen'?

Moraxella catarrhalis Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause of otitis externa?

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Signup and view all the answers

X-linked Agammaglobulinemia and Common Variable Immunodeficiency

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Questions and Answers

Which immune deficiency disorder is characterized by the inability of Pro-B cells to differentiate into Pre-B cells due to lack of tyrosine kinase?

Which immune deficiency disorder is characterized by low levels of antibodies in the blood?

Which immune deficiency disorder shows a normal level of antibodies and lymphocytes but reduced IgA in serum?

Why can a test for celiac disease show a false negative result in a person with IgA deficiency?

Which immune deficiency disorder is associated with life-threatening anaphylaxis post blood transfusion due to the recognition of transfused IgA as foreign?

What is the specific defect in Hyper IgM syndrome that leads to the inability of helper T cells to activate B cells and macrophages?

Which germ layer gives rise to connective tissue, ovaries, testes, spleen, heart, blood, and kidneys?

At what stage does the embryonic heart begin to beat?

What structure anchors the chorionic sac to the endometrium?

Which zone of spinal cord development develops into white matter tracks?

When is maternal-fetal circulation needed due to the diffusion of nutrients being insufficient?

What is the name of the structure present in week 3 that is composed of an extraembryonic mesenchymal core surrounded by cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblast?

What is the structure that becomes the anus?

What forms the neural tube?

What is the function of the allantois in early development?

Which germ layer gives rise to the CNS, PNS, hair, teeth, and neural crest cells?

What structure separates the abdomen and the thoracic cavity?

What is the significance of the closure of neuropores?

Where is the cardiogenic mesoderm located?

What happens with the neural crest cells during neural folding?

What structure out pouches from the causal wall of the umbilical vesicle and into the connecting stalk?

What is the first formation in neurulation?

What is the known prognosis for Hyper IgM?

What is the main biology feature of DiGeorge syndrome?

How is 22q11 deletion syndrome diagnosed?

What is the key feature of SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency)?

What is the genetic defect associated with Hereditary Angioedema?

Which immunodeficiency disorder involves accumulation of toxic deoxyadenosine?

What is the treatment for Hereditary Angioedema?

What is the major feature of Otitis Media with Effusion (OME)?

What are the typical findings of Acute Otitis Media (AOM) in the tympanic membrane?

Why does Otitis Media have a higher incidence in children aged 0-5?

Which pathogen is commonly associated with causing meningitis and sepsis in children?

What is the unique virulence factor of gram-negative pathogens that is released when they die?

Which pathogen is commonly resistant to beta-lactam drugs such as penicillin and amoxicillin?

What is the main function of the prechordal plate in embryology?

Which pathogen contributes to 90% of the microbiota of the skin?

'Pyocyanin' triggers free radical accumulation and causes tissue damage in infections caused by which pathogen?

'Otopathogens' are pathogens that increase the chance of ear infections. Which pathogen is considered an 'otopathogen'?

What is a common cause of otitis externa?

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