15 Questions
Which process involves the synthesis of RNA using information in DNA?
Transcription
What is the relationship between proteins and DNA?
Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype
How many triplets in the genetic code code for amino acids?
61
Which type of mutation is more likely to have a disastrous effect on the resulting protein?
Frameshift mutations
What is the effect of insertions or deletions outside the coding part of a gene?
They can affect how the gene is expressed
Which type of mutation may alter the reading frame and result in a frameshift mutation?
Insertions
Which of the following is true about the initiation stage of transcription?
Transcription factors help guide the binding of DNA polymerase
What is the role of RNA polymerase during elongation of the RNA strand?
It untwists the double helix, 10-20 nucleotides at a time
How do the mechanisms of termination differ between bacteria and eukaryotes?
In eukaryotes, the mRNA is released 10-35 nucleotides past the polyadenylation sequence
What is the difference between insertions/deletions and substitutions in terms of their effect on protein production?
Insertions/deletions have a more significant effect
What is the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis?
Gene expression
What are the two stages of gene expression?
Transcription and translation
What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?
Ribosomes are the sites of translation
What are the three stages of transcription ?
The three stages of transcription are initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of the DNA and begins unwinding the double helix. Elongation is the process in which RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand, synthesizing an RNA molecule by adding nucleotides to the growing RNA strand. Termination occurs when RNA polymerase reaches a termination signal on the DNA template, causing it to dissociate from the DNA and release the newly synthesized RNA molecule.
What are the types of Substitution mutation?
Silent mutations have no effect on the amino acid produced by a codon because of redundancy in the genetic code Missense mutations still code for an amino acid, but not the correct amino acid Nonsense mutations change an amino acid codon into a stop codon; most lead to a nonfunctional protein
Test your knowledge about genetic mutations caused by insertions and deletions in genes. Learn how these mutations can have a significant impact on the resulting protein and gene expression.
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