Gene expression

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Questions and Answers

Which process involves the synthesis of RNA using information in DNA?

Protein synthesis
Gene expression
Transcription (correct)
Translation

What is the relationship between proteins and DNA?

Proteins are transcribed into DNA
Proteins are the links between genotype and phenotype (correct)
Proteins dictate the synthesis of DNA
Proteins are translated into RNA

How many triplets in the genetic code code for amino acids?

3
64
61 (correct)
More than one

Which type of mutation is more likely to have a disastrous effect on the resulting protein?

Frameshift mutations (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insertions or deletions outside the coding part of a gene?

They can affect how the gene is expressed (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation may alter the reading frame and result in a frameshift mutation?

Insertions (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about the initiation stage of transcription?

Transcription factors help guide the binding of DNA polymerase (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of RNA polymerase during elongation of the RNA strand?

It untwists the double helix, 10-20 nucleotides at a time (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do the mechanisms of termination differ between bacteria and eukaryotes?

In eukaryotes, the mRNA is released 10-35 nucleotides past the polyadenylation sequence (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between insertions/deletions and substitutions in terms of their effect on protein production?

Insertions/deletions have a more significant effect (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis?

Gene expression Signup and view all the answers

What are the two stages of gene expression?

Transcription and translation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Ribosomes are the sites of translation Signup and view all the answers

What are the three stages of transcription ?

The three stages of transcription are initiation, elongation, and termination. During initiation, RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of the DNA and begins unwinding the double helix. Elongation is the process in which RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand, synthesizing an RNA molecule by adding nucleotides to the growing RNA strand. Termination occurs when RNA polymerase reaches a termination signal on the DNA template, causing it to dissociate from the DNA and release the newly synthesized RNA molecule. Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of Substitution mutation?

Silent mutations have no effect on the amino acid produced by a codon because of redundancy in the genetic code Missense mutations still code for an amino acid, but not the correct amino acid Nonsense mutations change an amino acid codon into a stop codon; most lead to a nonfunctional protein Signup and view all the answers

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