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Questions and Answers
A bruised area is classified as an open wound.
False
The symptoms of a laceration include exposure to infection due to the break in the skin's surface.
True
Injuries such as abrasions and punctures fall under the category of open wounds.
True
Bleeding from a damaged blood vessel is referred to as haemorrhage.
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Haemorrhage refers exclusively to internal bleeding and does not include external bleeding.
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A gunshot wound is categorized as a type of closed wound.
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Smaller objects should remain in place if they cannot be easily removed.
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The management of a wound begins with cleaning and dressing it if possible.
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Arterial bleeding is classified separately from venous bleeding.
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Infection control procedures are not necessary in the management of bleeding.
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Underlying structures affected by a wound can include bones and organs.
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Burns are classified as a type of closed wound.
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It is advised to manipulate the pelvis to check for bleeding.
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Capillary refill time is not a significant indicator in assessing bleeding.
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Once airway and breathing have been assessed, the next step is to further assess for catastrophic bleeding.
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It is unnecessary to secure larger objects that cannot be removed during an injury.
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Blood loss in an open fracture can be up to three times greater than in a closed fracture.
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The Combat Application Tourniquet was first introduced for use during the London bombings.
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It is important to assess blood loss only after the bleeding has been controlled.
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A tourniquet should be placed as high as possible proximal to the bleeding point.
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Medical staff commonly overestimate blood loss during assessments.
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Swelling in body tissues can be an indicator of blood loss.
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Combat Application Tourniquets should be stored in the secondary response bag.
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The assessment of blood loss should includes checking patient’s clothing for blood.
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Low Adherent Dressing Pads are used only for closed wounds.
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Elastic Adhesive Bandages are not suitable for dressings in emergency situations.
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Study Notes
Wound Types and Characteristics
- Wounds represent a break in the continuity of body tissue due to external actions.
- Closed wounds, such as contusions (bruises), damage underlying soft tissues without skin surface breach.
- Open wounds, like cuts, expose the skin or mucous membrane, increasing infection risk.
- Wound categories include: contusion, abrasion, laceration, incision, puncture, burn, and gunshot.
Complications Associated with Wounds
- Possible complications involve:
- Haemorrhage (both external and internal).
- Damage to underlying structures (bones, organs, blood vessels).
- Risk of infection.
- Presence of foreign bodies in the wound.
Treatment Protocols
- Utilize DABCDE framework for wound management.
- Collect patient history.
- Clean and dress the wound if possible.
- In cases of foreign objects:
- Rinse small objects with water.
- Leave larger objects embedded and apply a non-adhesive sterile dressing to minimize movement.
Types of Bleeding
- Bleeding (haemorrhage) refers to blood loss from damaged vessels.
- Classified as:
- External or internal.
- Arterial, venous, or capillary based on the vessel type.
Management of Bleeding
- Use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE).
- Implement infection control measures.
- Follow a primary survey algorithm to assess patient status.
- Control catastrophic bleeding using field dressings and direct pressure.
- After airway and breathing assessments, re-evaluate for severe bleeding.
Patient Assessment in Bleeding Scenarios
- Monitor pulse: rate, rhythm, and volume.
- Assess capillary refill time and skin characteristics (color, texture, temperature).
- Remain vigilant for potential internal bleeding signs.
Blood Loss Assessment
- Evaluate blood loss based on:
- Swelling in body tissues.
- Blood presence on the floor and its absorption into surfaces.
- Stains on the patient's clothing.
- Blood collected in wound dressings.
- Blood loss estimations are often inaccurate; continual re-assessment is crucial.
Dressing Types for Wounds
- Various dressing supplies include:
- Plasters, sterile adhesive dressing pads, low adherent dressing pads.
- No2 ambulance dressings, conforming retention bandages, elastic adhesive bandages.
- Specialized dressings: Olaes modular dressing and blast dressing.
Combat Application Tourniquet (CAT)
- Purposeful use of CAT began during London bombings for controlling bleeding.
- Should be placed proximal to the bleeding site and over two bones if necessary.
Blood Loss in Fractures
- Open fractures may result in blood loss up to twice that of closed fractures.
- Recognizing such risks is crucial for effective management.
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Description
Test your knowledge on emergency care for wounds, bleeding, and burns with this quiz. You'll learn how to identify different types of wounds, their causes, and the appropriate management techniques as per current standards. Enhance your understanding of how to effectively respond to these medical emergencies.
