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Questions and Answers
What is the result of the healing process in the body?
What is the main advantage of repair by regeneration?
What is a necessary condition for an injury to be healed by regeneration?
What guides the growth of cells during the healing process?
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What is the term for the process of replacement of damaged tissue by fibrous connective tissue?
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How are cells of the body divided according to regenerative capacity?
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Which type of cells have the ability to regenerate after injury as long as the pool of stem cells is preserved?
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Which cells continue to multiply throughout life under normal physiological conditions?
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What happens to the ability of permanent cells to proliferate around the time of birth?
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In which type of cells is the replication activity minimal?
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How are injuries in organs composed of permanent cells repaired?
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When does the combination of regeneration and fibrosis occur in the repairing process?
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Study Notes
Healing Process
- The healing process begins early in the inflammatory process and results in repair of the injury by replacement of dead or damaged cells with healthy ones.
- The body uses two distinct processes in the repair:
- Regeneration: replacement of injured tissue with cells of the same type
- Repairing and Fibrosis (repair = fibrosis): replacement of damaged tissue by fibrous connective tissue
Importance of Regeneration
- It is most advantageous for repairs to occur by regeneration because this will restore the organ to normal functioning capabilities
- Most injuries are repaired by a combination of these two processes
Conditions for Regeneration
- The cell type that was destroyed must be able to replicate (Replicative activity)
- The damaged cells can be proliferated from mature stem cells (Regenerative capacity)
- The presence of a basement membrane or a collagenous network made by fibroblasts that will guide the cells' growth
Cell Classification Based on Regenerative Capacity
- Labile cells: continuously being lost and replaced by maturation from stem cells; can readily regenerate after injury (e.g., surface epithelial cells of the epidermis, alimentary tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract, vagina, cervix, and endometrium)
- Stable cells: decrease or lose their ability to complete their maturation after adolescence, but retain the capacity to multiply and proliferate in response to stimuli throughout adult life (e.g., parenchymal cells of organs like liver, pancreas, kidney, adrenal, and thyroid)
- Permanent cells: considered to be terminally differentiated and non-proliferative in postnatal life; lose their ability to proliferate around the time of birth (e.g., neurons, skeletal and cardiac muscle)
Repair Process
- Injuries in organ or tissue composed of permanent cells will be repaired by fibrosis
- Injuries in organs composed of labile or stable cells are repaired either by regeneration or by a combination of regeneration and fibrosis depending on the extent of the injury
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Description
Learn about the two distinct processes of tissue repair, regeneration and repair with fibrosis, and how the body replaces damaged cells with healthy ones.
