Wound Healing and Immune Response Quiz

Normal skin has abundant hair follicles while scarred skin lacks hair follicles.

Hemostasis and inflammation are two major processes.

Labile, stable, and permanent cells are required for full tissue regeneration.

<p>DAMPs and alarmins serve as signaling molecules that activate immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some organs, like the heart and kidneys, lack sufficient regenerative capacity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Interleukin receptors facilitate immune cell activation and coordination of the healing response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low-dose exposure can increase resistance to pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ECM provides structural support and releases signaling molecules for healing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It involves repeated exposure to increasing amounts of an allergen to achieve desensitization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selecting the right model system and including negative controls are crucial.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Small doses of alcohol can reduce the risk of ischemic heart disease, while larger doses increase the risk of cirrhosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The increase in IgG4 levels may indicate an immune tolerance mechanism rather than a protective mechanism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic and environmental factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epigenetics represents modifications to DNA that do not strictly fit into genetic or environmental categories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Allergen immunotherapy was introduced in 1911 and typically lasts for about three years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only risk factors that are actual causes can be effectively addressed to prevent accidents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact transmission, transmission via fomites, and airborne transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He theorized that infections were caused by transferable seed-like beings called seminaria or germs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pasteur proved that all life arises from existing life, resolving controversies about microorganisms' origins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He stated that living germs are the causative agents of diseases and that different germs cause different diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Puerperal fever, a disease associated with childbirth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He implemented hand disinfection among midwives and physicians.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol start="1861"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The concept that germs could cause diseases became widely accepted among scientists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Koch's postulates provided a systematic method to link specific pathogens to specific diseases, establishing a foundation for microbiology and infectious disease research.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Koch's research on anthrax demonstrated the relationship between bacteria and disease, establishing a scientific basis that advanced the study of bacteriology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Koch's postulates do not apply to viruses and cannot account for asymptomatic carriers or diseases caused by agents like prions that cannot be cultured.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pasteur made significant contributions by isolating pathogens in diseases such as anthrax and underscoring the importance of microbes in fermentation and disease processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Koch's experiments provided concrete evidence by isolating and identifying pathogens as causal agents of disease, directly challenging the miasma theory of disease transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lister's experiments led to the development of antiseptic techniques that significantly reduced infection rates in surgical procedures, highlighting the importance of cleanliness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Koch discovered that the germs causing anthrax are rod-shaped, providing critical insight into bacterial morphology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Asymptomatic carriers can harbor pathogens without showing disease symptoms, contradicting the idea that an organism must always be present in diseased individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mendelian randomization is a method that uses genetic variation to approximate causal effects of exposures on outcomes, helping to understand how genes influence behaviors like smoking and associated health risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Genetic variation associated with heavier smoking is linked to reduced life expectancy, but this effect is primarily driven by smoking, as no impact on life expectancy is seen in non-smokers with the same genetic variant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plasmodium sporozoites traffic to mosquito salivary glands, influencing the secretion of salivary proteins that can impact sporozoite infectivity upon transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salivary proteins interact with host receptors, such as DC-SIGN, which play a role in mediating immune responses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salivary proteins such as D7 family proteins or Anopheles saliva components may serve as potential biomarkers for studying malaria transmission dynamics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Skin microbiota may modulate the inflammatory response to mosquito bites and influence the immune response to Plasmodium, potentially affecting infection outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, a cocktail of Anopheles salivary antigens, alone or combined with Plasmodium antigens, could stimulate immune responses that provide protection against malaria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reveals that smoking is a causal factor for diseases such as lung cancer and heart disease, while also clarifying that some conditions, like depression or anxiety, are not influenced by smoking.</p> Signup and view all the answers