principles of surgery mod 5
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Questions and Answers

Which type of needle is generally more suitable than cutting needles for thin avian skin?

  • Taper point needles (correct)
  • Round bodied needles
  • Reverse cutting needles
  • Swaged on needles

    • Which type of needle is less traumatic than using re-usable needles and is sharper?

  • Taper point needles
  • Round bodied needles
  • Swaged on needles (correct)
  • Reverse cutting needles

    • Which type of needle is better suited to tendons and the thicker skin over the legs and feet of birds such as raptors?

  • Round bodied needles
  • Reverse cutting needles (correct)
  • Swaged on needles
  • Taper point needles

    • Which type of needle is easiest and least traumatic to pass through the strong rigid skin of most lizards and tortoises?

    <p>Reverse cutting needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of needle is best used to prevent inadvertent tearing of wound edges in small delicate species such as leopard geckos?

    <p>Round bodied needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of needle is the most suitable for skin wounds of small mammals with their mix of elastic fibers and collagen in the skin?

    <p>Reverse cutting needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the recommended implantation site for microchips in equines in all countries except Australia?

    <p>Nuchal ligament</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the recommended implantation site for microchips in equines in Australia?

    <p>Left neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the recommended implantation site for microchips in elephants?

    <p>Left side of the tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the recommended implantation site for microchips in rabbits?

    <p>Uterine suspensory ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the recommended implantation site for microchips in alpacas (as per Australia)?

    <p>Left neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the recommended implantation site for microchips in other mammals with an adult length greater than 17 cm?

    <p>Base of the left ear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture is commonly seen in chelonians with beak injuries?

    <p>Depressed fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for stabilizing and fixing shell trauma wounds in chelonians?

    <p>Using cable ties with epoxy resin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of dressing is suitable for use in beak injuries in birds?

    <p>Hydrocolloid dressings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of avian bones that needs to be considered in surgery?

    <p>Pneumatization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for maximum callus formation and complete bone healing to occur in chickens?

    <p>2-3 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is external coaptation (bandaging) not ideal in birds?

    <p>It can cause joint ankylosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a paste composed of gelatin, pectin, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose used for treating mouth ulcers?

    <p>Orobase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of needles are best for sutures used in ventral coeliotomy closure?

    <p>Round bodied taper needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sutures are often the best choice for fish and amphibians with slow healing due to their poikilothermic physiology?

    <p>Non-absorbable polypropylene skin sutures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for repairing wounds in arthropods such as tarantulas and scorpions?

    <p>Tissue adhesives applied in several separate layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for cleaning reptile skin before wound closure?

    <p>Using old toothbrushes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the recommended microchip implantation site in birds with a weight of less than 5.5 kg?

    <p>Intramuscularly in the left pectoral muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sutures are softer, more pliable, have less memory, and knot easier than rigid monofilament materials?

    <p>Polyglactin 910 (Vicryl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture materials are suitable for general soft tissue and skin surgery in birds?

    <p>Poliglecaprone 25 (Monocryl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture materials should not be used in the gastrointestinal tract or in infected structures?

    <p>Polyglactin 910 (Vicryl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture materials are associated with haematomas, seromas, and sterile granuloma formation?

    <p>Nylon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suture materials are suitable for skin sutures in amphibians and fish?

    <p>Polypropylene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sutures are associated with post-operative abdominal adhesions in rabbits?

    <p>Polyglactin 910 (Vicryl)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is contraindicated in rabbits due to its immunosuppressive effects?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended method for weight control in rabbits with compromised joints?

    <p>Gradual reduction of the concentrate portion of the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to slow cartilage degeneration and disease progression in rabbits?

    <p>Some joint use</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective way to encourage moderate exercise in rabbits?

    <p>Outdoor time on grass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using a single high dose of Meloxicam peri-operatively in laboratory rabbits?

    <p>To treat pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen if joint movement is completely restricted in rabbits?

    <p>Detrimental effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is corticosteroid treatment contraindicated in rabbits?

    <p>Due to risk of exacerbating other diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended substrate for encouraging ambulation in rabbits?

    <p>Grass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for weight control in rabbits with compromised joints?

    <p>Gradually reducing the concentrate portion of the diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential risk of using corticosteroid treatment in rabbits?

    <p>Exacerbation of other diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of grafting is not possible in most veterinary avian patients due to their small size?

    <p>Autogenous grafting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the technique of choice in most avian fractures?

    <p>External fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of leaving all fragments in avian fractures whenever possible?

    <p>To provide a scaffold for bone ingrowth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fixator system is a tubular fixator connector bar with locking hex nuts?

    <p>FESSA (Fixateur Externe du Service de Sante des Armees)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of using tied-in fixators in avian fractures?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of grafting has lead to foreign body reactions, sequestra, and infections in avian patients?

    <p>Xenografts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fixator system is becoming increasingly popular with canine and feline surgeons?

    <p>Tied-in fixators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bone grafting technique has little application in clinical exotic animal surgery?

    <p>Sterilized ratite cancellous bone grafting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is external fixation the technique of choice in most avian fractures?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fixator system is a commonly used one in birds?

    <p>Kirschner-Ehmer (KE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a modular system for fracture fixation in parrots?

    <p>The system may result in gradual pin loosening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of hind limb lameness in rabbits that is often missed on examination?

    <p>Metatarsal and hindfeet phalanges fractures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which limb fracture is the most common presenting fracture in rabbits?

    <p>Distal tibia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most suitable drug for managing osteoarthritis in rabbits?

    <p>Metacam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended dosage of meloxicam for severe cases of osteoarthritis in rabbits?

    <p>0.6mg/kg per os once a day</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did a study by Turner et al (2006) conclude about the dosage of meloxicam for effective analgesia in rabbits?

    <p>0.3mg/kg per os once daily is effective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of using a once daily dosage of meloxicam for osteoarthritis in rabbits?

    <p>The dosage may not provide effective analgesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended management approach for simple minimally displaced fractures in rabbits?

    <p>Analgesia and hutch rest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of using external coaptation (bandaging) in birds?

    <p>Delayed healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a unique feature of avian bones that needs to be considered in surgery?

    <p>They are more prone to fissure propagation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sutures and Needles

    • Round-bodied needles are generally more suitable for thin avian skin than cutting needles.
    • Reverse cutting needles are less traumatic than re-usable needles and are sharper.
    • Cutting needles are better suited to tendons and the thicker skin over the legs and feet of birds such as raptors.
    • Tri-beveled needles are the easiest and least traumatic to pass through the strong rigid skin of most lizards and tortoises.
    • Reverse cutting needles are best used to prevent inadvertent tearing of wound edges in small delicate species such as leopard geckos.
    • Monosyn is the most suitable suture material for skin wounds of small mammals with their mix of elastic fibers and collagen in the skin.

    Microchip Implantation Sites

    • The recommended implantation site for microchips in equines in all countries except Australia is the nuchal ligament.
    • In Australia, the recommended implantation site for microchips in equines is the neck, halfway between the poll and the withers.
    • The recommended implantation site for microchips in elephants is the muscle mass of the neck, about 10-15 cm below the ear.
    • The recommended implantation site for microchips in rabbits is the dorsum of the neck.
    • The recommended implantation site for microchips in alpacas (as per Australia) is the nuchal ligament.
    • The recommended implantation site for microchips in other mammals with an adult length greater than 17 cm is the subcutaneous tissue between the scapulae.

    Fractures and Surgery

    • Comminuted fractures are commonly seen in chelonians with beak injuries.
    • The recommended method for stabilizing and fixing shell trauma wounds in chelonians is to use a combination of wire and acrylic.
    • Petrolatum gel is a suitable dressing for use in beak injuries in birds.
    • Avian bones have air-filled cavities, which need to be considered in surgery.
    • Maximum callus formation and complete bone healing take 4-6 weeks to occur in chickens.
    • External coaptation (bandaging) is not ideal in birds because it can cause skin irritation and restrict movement.

    Wound Care

    • Orabase is a paste composed of gelatin, pectin, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose used for treating mouth ulcers.
    • Polydioxanone (PDS) sutures are best for sutures used in ventral coeliotomy closure.
    • Monosyn is often the best choice for fish and amphibians with slow healing due to their poikilothermic physiology.
    • The recommended method for repairing wounds in arthropods such as tarantulas and scorpions is to use a biocompatible adhesive.
    • The recommended method for cleaning reptile skin before wound closure is to use a gentle scrub with a soft-bristled brush and an antimicrobial solution.

    Suture Materials

    • Soft, pliable sutures with less memory and easy knotting are suitable for general soft tissue and skin surgery in birds.
    • Monosyn and polyglyconate sutures should not be used in the gastrointestinal tract or in infected structures.
    • Polyglecaprone (Monocryl) sutures are associated with haematomas, seromas, and sterile granuloma formation.
    • Polyglyconate sutures are suitable for skin sutures in amphibians and fish.
    • Polydioxanone (PDS) sutures are associated with post-operative abdominal adhesions in rabbits.

    Rabbits

    • Corticosteroid treatment is contraindicated in rabbits due to its immunosuppressive effects.
    • The recommended method for weight control in rabbits with compromised joints is to provide a high-fiber, low-calorie diet and encourage moderate exercise.
    • Restricted joint movement can lead to joint degeneration and disease progression in rabbits.
    • A single high dose of Meloxicam peri-operatively is used to provide post-operative analgesia in laboratory rabbits.
    • Corticosteroid treatment is associated with a potential risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and immunosuppression in rabbits.

    Fixators and Bone Grafting

    • External fixation is the technique of choice in most avian fractures.
    • The advantage of using tied-in fixators in avian fractures is that it allows for early return to flight and weight-bearing.
    • The tubular fixator connector bar with locking hex nuts is a type of fixator system.
    • Cortical allografts have led to foreign body reactions, sequestra, and infections in avian patients.
    • External coaptation (bandaging) is a potential consequence of using external coaptation in birds, which can cause skin irritation and restrict movement.

    Other

    • A common cause of hind limb lameness in rabbits is fractured or dislocated patellas, which is often missed on examination.
    • The most common presenting fracture in rabbits is the lateral condyle fracture.
    • Meloxicam is the most suitable drug for managing osteoarthritis in rabbits.
    • The recommended dosage of meloxicam for severe cases of osteoarthritis in rabbits is 0.5-1 mg/kg q24h.

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    Description

    Quiz: Test your knowledge on wound closure and treatment options Description: Take this quiz to assess your understanding of wound closure techniques and treatment options. Explore the challenges of wound closure and learn about alternative methods such as second intention healing. Discover the benefits of using orobase, a gelatin-based paste, in protecting and healing ulcerated surfaces.

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