World History: Spanish-American War to WWI
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Questions and Answers

Which document is considered a foundational text for constitutional governance in England?

  • Magna Carta (correct)
  • The Prince
  • Declaration of the Rights of Man
  • U.S. Constitution

    • What type of government is characterized by absolute power held by one individual?

  • Democratic
  • Anarchic
  • Autocratic (correct)
  • Republic

    • Who was an important Enlightenment thinker known for his theory on natural rights?

  • Klemens Von Metternich
  • Thomas Hobbes
  • Machiavelli
  • John Locke (correct)

    • Which government system places power directly in the hands of the people?

    <p>Democratic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Catherine the Great is known for implementing reforms inspired by which intellectual movement?

    <p>Enlightenment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the Declaration of the Rights of Man adopted in 1789?

    <p>To outline rights of citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant characteristic of the Directory in France from 1795 to 1799?

    <p>Marked by instability and corruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Socrates is best known for his contributions to which fields?

    <p>Ethics and epistemology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant outcome of the Spanish-American War?

    <p>The U.S. gained territories like Puerto Rico and Guam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym M.A.I.N. represent in the context of WWI causes?

    <p>Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which alliance was composed of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria during WWI?

    <p>Central Powers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Battle of the Marne in WWI?

    <p>It ended Germany's advance into France</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which technological advancements were introduced during WWI?

    <p>Machine guns, tanks, poison gas, and airplanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of President Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points?

    <p>Promote a post-war peace settlement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the League of Nations established after WWI?

    <p>To promote peace and cooperation among countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Zimmermann Telegram proposing?

    <p>A military alliance between Germany and Mexico against the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the payments imposed on Germany to compensate the Allies for World War I damages?

    <p>Reparations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is characterized by the mass killing of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire?

    <p>Armenian Genocide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who was the last Emperor of Russia whose leadership contributed to the Russian Revolution?

    <p>Tsar Nicholas II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organization aimed to restore stability and order in Europe after Napoleon's defeat?

    <p>Concert of Europe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of the Industrial Revolution on urban areas?

    <p>Urbanization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which economic system is characterized by private ownership and a free market?

    <p>Capitalism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of rotating crops in agriculture to maintain soil fertility is known as?

    <p>Crop Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method significantly lowered the cost of steel production in the 1850s?

    <p>Bessemer Process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which independence leader is associated with the Haitian Revolution?

    <p>Toussaint L'Ouverture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'tenements' refer to in the context of urban living?

    <p>Multi-family urban dwellings</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artistic movement emphasized emotion, individualism, and nature, emerging in the late 18th century?

    <p>Romanticism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes a theory applying Darwin's concept of natural selection to human societies?

    <p>Social Darwinism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a significant uprising against British rule in India in the 1850s?

    <p>The Sepoy Mutiny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which two African nations managed to remain independent during the colonial period?

    <p>Liberia and Ethiopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Spanish-American War

    • Fought in 1898 between Spain and the U.S.
    • Resulted in U.S. acquisition of territories like Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.

    Panama Canal

    • Man-made waterway connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
    • Significantly reduced maritime travel time.

    World War I (WWI)

    • Global conflict (1914-1918).
    • Involved major world powers divided into Allied and Central Powers alliances.
    • Triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.

    Causes of WWI (M.A.I.N.)

    • Militarism: Emphasis on military strength and preparedness.
    • Alliances: Complex system of treaties binding nations.
    • Imperialism: Competition for colonies and resources.
    • Nationalism: Strong national identity and desire for self-determination.

    WWI Alliances

    • Allied Powers: France, Britain, Russia (later the U.S.).
    • Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria.

    Key Figures and Events

    • Archduke Franz Ferdinand: His assassination ignited WWI.
    • Serbian Nationalists (The Black Hand): Responsible for the assassination.
    • Schlieffen Plan: German strategy for swift victory in WWI.
    • Weapons of WWI: Included machine guns, tanks, poison gas, and airplanes.
    • Trench Warfare: Characterized by entrenched positions and stalemates on the Western Front.
    • No Man's Land: The dangerous space between opposing trenches.
    • Battle of the Marne: Stopped German advance, leading to trench warfare.
    • Battle of the Somme: A devastating battle highlighting trench warfare horrors.
    • Battle of Verdun: A prolonged and costly battle.
    • Zimmerman Telegram: German proposal for an alliance with Mexico against the U.S.
    • Treaty of Versailles: Ended WWI, imposed harsh punishments on Germany.

    Post-WWI Developments

    • 14 Points: President Wilson's peace proposals.
    • League of Nations: International organization for peace and cooperation (failed to prevent WWII).
    • Reparations: Financial penalties imposed on Germany.
    • Armenian Genocide: Mass killing of Armenians by the Ottoman Empire.
    • Ottoman Turks: The ruling ethnic group of the Ottoman Empire who fought in WWI.

    Russian Revolution

    • Causes: Political corruption, military defeats, economic hardship.
    • Tsar Nicholas II: Last Tsar of Russia, whose poor leadership contributed to the revolution.
    • Vladimir Lenin: Leader of the Bolshevik Party.
    • Bolsheviks: A faction of the Russian socialist movement that led the revolution and formed the Communist Party.

    European Diplomatic History & Pre-WWI Systems

    • Concert of Europe: Post-Napoleonic system for resolving disputes, maintaining balance of power.
    • Congress of Vienna (1814-1815): Reorganized Europe after Napoleon's defeat.

    Latin American Independence Movements

    • Simon Bolivar: Key leader in Latin American independence.
    • Jose San Martin: Key leader in South American independence.
    • Toussaint L'Ouverture: Led the Haitian Revolution.

    Industrial Revolution

    • Cause: Technological innovations leading to increased production.
    • Significance: Transformation of economies and societies.
    • Outcomes: Urbanization, altered social and economic structures.

    Economic and Political Ideologies

    • Socialism: Collective ownership of production.
    • Capitalism: Private ownership and free market.
    • Communism: Classless society with public ownership.

    Industrial Revolution Inventions

    • Bessemer Process: Mass steel production.
    • Spinning Mule/Jenny: Textile inventions (spinning).
    • Water Frame: Water-powered spinning wheel.

    Artistic Movements

    • Romanticism: Emphasized emotion, individualism, and nature.
    • Realism: Depicted everyday life without romanticization.
    • Neoclassical: Inspired by classical antiquity.

    Imperialism

    • Motives: Economics, politics, military ambitions, cultural beliefs, technology.
    • Sphere of Influence: Dominance of one state over another.
    • Assimilation: Adopting dominant culture.
    • Social Darwinism: Applying Darwinism to justify inequality.
    • White Man's Burden: Belief in colonizer's obligation to civilize.

    European Colonization of Africa

    • African Colonization: Division and colonization by European powers.
    • Belgian Congo: Brutal exploitation by Belgium.
    • Liberia/Ethiopia: Remained independent.
    • Sepoy Mutiny: Major but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India.
    • The Raj: British rule in India.

    Roots of Democracy

    • Judeo-Christian Contributions: Ethical principles influencing Western legal systems.
    • Ancient Greek and Roman Practices: Early forms of democracy.
    • Enlightenment Ideas: Emphasis on reason and individual rights.
    • Legal and Political Reforms: Constitutionalism.

    Political Systems

    • Democratic Government: Power vested in people.
    • Republic: Elected officials.
    • Autocratic: Absolute ruler.
    • Anarchy: Absence of government.

    Historical Philosophers and Events

    • Socrates: Ancient Greek philosopher.
    • Roman Laws: Important influence on legal systems.
    • Magna Carta (1215): Charter of liberties.
    • Enlightenment: Emphasis on reason and skepticism.
    • John Locke: Natural rights and government by consent.
    • Thomas Hobbes: Strong central authority to avoid conflict.
    • Machiavelli: Pragmatic political tactics.
    • Catherine the Great: Empress of Russia.
    • French Revolution: Significant changes in France
    • Three Estates: Social classes in pre-revolutionary France.
    • Louis XVIII: Restored French King.
    • Klemens Von Metternich: Key player in the Congress of Vienna.
    • The Directory: French government after the revolution.
    • Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789): Outlined citizen rights.
    • Liberal vs. Conservative: Differing political philosophies.
    • U.S. Constitution: Basis of American government.
    • Revolutions: Major changes in political structures.

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    Description

    This quiz covers significant events from the Spanish-American War to World War I, including pivotal causes, alliances, and outcomes. Test your knowledge on the key figures and major events that shaped these historical milestones.

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