World History Semester 2: Industrial Revolution

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Questions and Answers

What is industrialization, and how does it change societies?

It is the process of developing machine production, which leads to a more agrarian-based economy.

It is the process of developing digital production, which changes societies by shifting economies from industry-based to service-based.

It is the process of developing machine production, which changes societies by shifting economies from agriculture-based to industry-based. (correct)

It is the process of developing manual production, which changes societies by shifting economies from industry-based to agriculture-based.

What was the primary outcome of the Industrial Revolution on most people's lives?

It only benefited the wealthy while harming the poor.

It severely worsened their lives due to environmental degradation.

It had no significant impact on their lives whatsoever.

It improved their lives through technological advancements and increased production. (correct)

What has persisted across time periods despite technological and industrial advancements?

Environmental degradation and urbanization.

Technological stagnation and industrial decline.

Economic disparity and exploitation of labor. (correct)

Economic equality and social justice.

How did workers attempt to improve their conditions during the Industrial Revolution?

They formed unions, went on strike, and lobbied for favorable laws. Signup and view all the answers

How did factory owners attempt to maintain their power during the Industrial Revolution?

They lobbied for favorable laws, opposed union activities, and sometimes employed violent measures to suppress workers' movements. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Industrial Revolution, and when did it occur?

It was a period of major industrialization from the late 1700s to the early 1800s. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Industrial Revolution on the environment?

It led to severe environmental degradation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall assessment of the Industrial Revolution's impact?

It was a mix of both positive and negative. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main outcome of the Enclosure movement in England?

Small landholdings were consolidated into larger farms Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the resources used to produce goods and services?

Factors of Production Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of entrepreneurs in a manufacturing system?

They start and run businesses Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the steam engine during the Industrial Revolution?

It was used for generating power Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process that uses compressed air to remove impurities from pig iron?

Bessemer Process Signup and view all the answers

What was a key component of the Industrial Revolution that improved living standards?

Technological innovations Signup and view all the answers

What was a result of the growth of factories during the Industrial Revolution?

Mass production on a large scale Signup and view all the answers

What was an impact of the Industrial Revolution on the middle class?

It created new economic opportunities Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Industrial Revolution and Its Impact

The Industrial Revolution improved lives through technological advancements and increased production, leading to greater wealth and improved standards of living for some.
However, it also led to severe social, economic, and environmental problems.

Defining Industrialization

Industrialization refers to the process of developing machine production of goods.
It changes societies by shifting economies from agriculture-based to industry-based, leading to urbanization, new social classes, and economic changes.

Changes Over Time

Technological and industrial advancements have dramatically changed how goods are produced and how work is conducted over time.
Issues like economic disparity and exploitation of labor have persisted across time periods.

Positives and Negatives

The changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution were both positive and negative, spurring significant economic growth and technological advancement but also leading to severe social inequalities and environmental degradation.

Workers' Response

Workers formed unions, went on strike, and lobbied for laws to improve wages, working hours, and conditions.

Factory Owners' Response

Factory owners lobbied for favorable laws, opposed union activities, and sometimes employed violent measures to suppress workers' movements.

Key Terms and Concepts

Industrialization

A period of major industrialization from the late 1700s to the early 1800s that began in Britain and spread throughout the world.

Enclosure

The legal process in England of consolidating small landholdings into larger farms from the 16th century onward.
Once enclosed, the use of the land became restricted to the owner and ceased to be common land for communal use.

Cottage Industry

A manufacturing system whereby workers make products in their own homes with materials supplied by entrepreneurs.

Factors of Production

The resources used to produce goods and services, traditionally categorized into land, labor, and capital.
Land: Natural resources used in creation of products.
Labor: Human effort used in production of goods and services.
Capital: Tools, equipment, and facilities used to produce goods.

Entrepreneurs

Individuals who start and run businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.

Factories

Large buildings where workers manufacture goods on a large scale, often using heavy machinery.

Inventions

New devices, methods, or processes developed from study and experimentation.
Key inventions of the Industrial Revolution include the steam engine and spinning jenny.

Steam Engine

An engine that uses steam to generate power, developed during the Industrial Revolution, which became a crucial component in machinery and transportation.

Bessemer Process

An industrial process for making steel from pig iron by blasting compressed air through molten iron to burn off carbon and other impurities.

Railroads

Tracks providing a route for trains to transport goods and passengers over long distances rapidly.

Telegraph

An apparatus for communication at a distance by coded signals; it was the first form of electrical communication.

Positives

Medicine: Advancements led to better treatments and vaccinations.
Lifestyles/Luxury Items: Increased production lowered costs, making goods more accessible.
Technology: Innovations improved living standards and efficiency.
Growth of the Middle Class: Economic opportunities created new social classes.

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Description

Assess your knowledge of the First and Second Industrial Revolution, from 1760 to 1914. Explore the impact of industrialization on people's lives, including technological advancements and social, economic, and environmental consequences.