World History: Renaissance and Reformation
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Questions and Answers

Which event marks the beginning of the American Revolution?

  • Battle of Lexington and Concord (correct)
  • Declaration of Independence
  • First Continental Congress
  • Boston Tea Party

The Enlightenment period emphasized reason and individualism over tradition.

True (A)

What was the main focus of the Scientific Revolution?

The main focus was on the use of observation, experimentation, and the scientific method to understand the natural world.

The __________ Revolution is known for its significant impact on both France and Latin America.

<p>French</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following units with their corresponding themes:

<p>Unit 1 = Ancient &amp; Medieval Unit 2 = Renaissance, Reformation, Scientific Revolution Unit 4.1 = Absolutism Unit 5.1 = American Revolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major societal changes were initiated by the Haitian Revolution?

<p>Abolition of slavery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Absolutism is a form of government where the monarch holds complete control.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one major outcome of the Renaissance period.

<p>The resurgence of art and learning, leading to notable advancements in various disciplines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ Age refers to the period of extensive exploration and conquest by European powers.

<p>Age of Exploration</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these revolutions was inspired by Enlightenment ideas?

<p>Both A and B (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What were the key motivations for exploration during this period?

<p>Wealth and trade (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Columbian Exchange primarily involved the movement of people rather than goods.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one explorer from the Age of Exploration mentioned in the content.

<p>Vasco da Gama</p> Signup and view all the answers

The system that established racial hierarchies in colonial societies is known as the _____ system.

<p>Sistema de Castas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following explorers with their achievements:

<p>Ferdinand Magellan = First to circumnavigate the globe Hernán Cortés = Conquered the Aztecs Vasco da Gama = First to reach India by sea Francisco Pizarro = Conquered the Incas</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the economic theory that emphasized the importance of controlling trade for national power?

<p>Mercantilism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the Middle Passage in the context of the Triangular Trade?

<p>The voyage that brought enslaved Africans to the Americas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of the main products sent from the New World to Europe included _____, which was in high demand.

<p>sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Age of Exploration regarding the population of indigenous peoples?

<p>Decreased population due to diseases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Protestant denominations emerged during the Reformation?

<p>Anglicans (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Zwingli believed that sacraments were symbolic.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What major theory did Copernicus propose?

<p>Heliocentric theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

King Henry started the English Reformation due to being denied a __________.

<p>divorce</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the scientific figures with their contributions:

<p>Copernicus = Heliocentric Theory Bacon = Scientific Method Newton = Gravitational Theory Harvey = Circulatory System</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is associated with Calvin?

<p>Predestination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Counter Reformation was primarily led by Pope Paul III.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Sargon of Akkad in Mesopotamian history?

<p>He created one of the first empires and established the Code of Hammurabi.</p> Signup and view all the answers

William Harvey contributed to the understanding of the __________ system.

<p>circulatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Counter Reformation?

<p>Promote secularism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Ancient & Medieval

Historical periods before the Renaissance, encompassing civilizations like Ancient Greece, Rome, and the Middle Ages.

Renaissance

A period of renewed interest in art, literature, and philosophy following the Middle Ages. It marked a shift from religious focus to human-centered thinking.

Reformation

A religious movement in the 16th century, challenging the authority of the Catholic Church and leading to the establishment of Protestantism.

Scientific Revolution

A period of major scientific advancements, driven by reason and observation, challenging traditional views of the world.

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Age of Exploration

A period of intense maritime exploration and discovery, fueled by European powers seeking new trade routes and resources.

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Global Age

A period of increased global interconnectedness, driven by trade, exploration, and the exchange of ideas.

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Absolutism

A form of government where the ruler has absolute power, unchecked by any law or institution.

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Enlightenment

An intellectual and cultural movement emphasizing reason, individualism, and human rights.

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American Revolution

A rebellion against British rule, leading to the formation of the United States.

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French Revolution

A revolution that overthrew the monarchy and led to radical changes in French society.

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Agricultural Revolution

The shift from hunter-gatherer societies to settled agriculture, involving the domestication of animals and farming.

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Permanent Settlements

Stable communities established in one place due to the development of agriculture, leading to increased food production and population.

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Sargon of Akkad

A Mesopotamian ruler who unified the region into the first empire, marking a significant step in the development of organized government.

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Code of Hammurabi

A set of laws in ancient Mesopotamia, known for its emphasis on justice and punishments based on the severity of the offense.

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Anabaptists

A Protestant group that rejected infant baptism and believed in adult baptism only, emphasizing individual piety and believer's church.

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Calvinism

A Protestant denomination that emphasizes predestination, the sovereignty of God, and the authority of Scripture.

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Lutheranism

A Protestant denomination founded by Martin Luther, based on the teachings of justification by faith, sola Scriptura, and the priesthood of all believers.

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Anglicanism

A Protestant denomination that emerged from the English Reformation, combining Catholic elements with certain Protestant beliefs.

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Counter Reformation

The Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation, aiming to reform and reassert its authority through measures like the Council of Trent, the Inquisition, and the Jesuits.

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Heliocentric Theory

The idea that the Earth revolves around the Sun, proposed by Nicolaus Copernicus, challenging the long-held belief of a geocentric universe.

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Spice and Silk Trade

The desire for spices and silk from Asia led European explorers to seek new sea routes, bypassing land routes controlled by Italian and Muslim merchants.

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Prince Henry the Navigator

Portuguese prince who sponsored exploration and established a navigation school in the 15th century, fostering the Age of Exploration.

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God, Glory, and Gold

The three main motivations behind European exploration: spreading Christianity, achieving national glory, and acquiring wealth (gold and other resources).

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Line of Demarcation & Treaty of Tordesillas

Agreements between Spain and Portugal in the late 15th century, dividing newly discovered lands in the Americas and the world, according to their longitude.

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Spanish Missionaries in the Philippines

Example of how Spanish colonization brought Catholicism to the Philippines, demonstrating the influence of religion in the Age of Exploration.

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Colonialism and International Trade

Nations controlling international trade, importing raw materials from colonies, manufacturing goods domestically, and selling them to colonists for profit.

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Da Gama and Magellan

Famous explorers who sailed around Africa and circumnavigated the globe respectively, marking key achievements in the Age of Exploration.

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Hernán Cortés and Francisco Pizarro

Conquistadors who conquered the Aztec and Inca empires in the Americas, representing the military power and influence of European nations.

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Joint Stock Companies

Businesses where investors pool funds, sharing profits and risks, a model that fueled exploration and trade during the Age of Exploration.

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Triangular Trade

A complex trading system involving the exchange of slaves from Africa, raw materials from the Americas, and manufactured goods from Europe.

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Study Notes

Unit 1: Ancient & Medieval World

  • This unit covers the ancient world, including historical periods.

Unit 2: Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution

  • Renaissance: A period of rebirth of knowledge, aiming to surpass ancient Greek and Roman achievements.
  • Realism and Perspective: Artistic techniques emphasized realism and portrayed space accurately.
  • Humanism: Focused on the importance of individual achievements and knowledge.
  • Reformation: A movement that challenged the Catholic Church, leading to the creation of Protestant denominations.
  • Martin Luther: Initiated the Reformation with his Ninety-Five Theses, which challenged church practices.
  • Scientific Revolution: A period of scientific advancements.
  • Nicolaus Copernicus: Proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system.
  • Isaac Newton: Developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation.
  • William Harvey: Studied blood flow and the cardiovascular system.

Unit 3: Overseas Exploration & Expansion

  • Causes: The desire for spices, silk, and other goods, and seeking new trade routes.
  • Exploration: European exploration led to the discovery of new lands and trade routes.
  • Christopher Columbus, Vasco Núñez de Balboa, Ferdinand Magellan: Key figures in European exploration.
  • Impact: European contact resulted in the Columbian Exchange, including the transfer of goods, diseases, and people.

Unit 4: Absolutism & Enlightenment

  • Absolute Governments: Rule by one person, often with divine right.
  • Limited Governments: Rule by law, considering the will of the people.
  • Enlightenment: A philosophical movement emphasizing reason and individual rights.
  • Thomas Hobbes: Philosopher who wrote about the social contract.
  • John Locke: Advocate for natural rights and popular sovereignty.
  • Baron de Montesquieu: Proposed the separation of powers.
  • Voltaire: Championed freedom of speech and religion.
  • Absolutism Examples: Spain, France (Louis XIV), and Prussia (Frederick the Great).
  • English Civil War: A conflict in England regarding absolute or limited government.

Unit 5: Political Revolutions - American, French, Latin

  • American Revolution: A revolution against British rule.
  • Causes: Taxation without representation, salutary neglect, and the Intolerable Acts.
  • Influences: Enlightenment ideas and writings, such as the works of Thomas Paine.
  • French Revolution: A revolution in France.
  • Causes: Economic hardship, social inequality, and Enlightenment ideas.
  • Key Events: Tennis Court Oath, Storming of the Bastille, Reign of Terror
  • Haitian and Latin American Revolutions: These were inspired by the success of the American and French Revolutions.

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Description

This quiz explores key events and figures from the Renaissance, Reformation, and Scientific Revolution. Test your knowledge on humanism, artistic techniques, and influential scientists like Copernicus and Newton. Discover how these periods shaped modern thought and society.

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