World History Exam Overview
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary goal of Hernan Cortez during his exploration?

  • To explore the Amazon rainforest
  • To find a new trade route to Asia
  • To conquer the Aztec Empire (correct)
  • To establish trade relations with Africa

What does the term 'mercantilism' refer to in the context of economics?

  • A philosophy advocating high imports and low exports
  • A strategy promoting more exports and less imports (correct)
  • A system where imports exceed exports
  • A theory emphasizing limited trade interactions

Which historical figure is known as a social reformer and historian regarding the treatment of Native Americans?

  • Bartolome de las Casas (correct)
  • Francisco Pizarro
  • Atahualpa
  • Hernan Cortez

What was the significance of the 'Line of Demarcation' established in 1494?

<p>It delineated territories claimed by Spain and Portugal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event is associated with the Triangular Trade?

<p>Movement of slaves to North America (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the main consequences of 'Guns, Germs, and Steel' thesis for Native Americans?

<p>They suffered heavy losses due to advanced weaponry (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Christopher Columbus attempting to achieve when he sailed westward?

<p>To discover a new route to India (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What document granted religious freedom to the Huguenots?

<p>Edict of Nantes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who was Moctezuma in relation to the Aztec Empire?

<p>The ruler of the Aztecs at the time of Spanish conquest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which innovation is NOT associated with Akbar the Great?

<p>Creation of the Kanun (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant action taken by Kangxi during his reign?

<p>He allowed Jesuit missionaries to spread Roman Catholicism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rulers is known for expanding territories and displaying impressive military strength?

<p>Frederick the Great (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one method by which absolute monarchs maintained their power?

<p>Isolating themselves with little peer influence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant reform did Joseph II of Austria implement?

<p>Abolishing serfdom (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to a wealthy group that provides financial support to artists?

<p>Patron (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which empire did Suleiman the Magnificent govern?

<p>Ottoman Empire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was Ferdinand Magellan's main goal during his expedition?

<p>Locate the West Indies through a western route (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which invention helped explorers like Magellan determine their position at sea?

<p>Astrolabe (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact did Vasco da Gama's discoveries have on European colonialism?

<p>Established a long-lasting colonial empire in Asia and Africa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the Columbian Exchange?

<p>Exchanged ideas and religious practices along with diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did societies resist Portuguese colonizers?

<p>Armed resistance and diplomatic procedures (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor largely contributed to the Spanish conquest of North America?

<p>Diseases that weakened Indigenous populations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What social class consisted of individuals with mixed European and Indigenous descent?

<p>Mestizos (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why did African slavery develop in North America?

<p>To provide labor for mining in colonies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the main principle behind laissez-faire economics?

<p>Hands-off approach to government intervention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which document established the principle of no taxation without representation?

<p>Magna Carta (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Committee of Public Safety during the French Revolution?

<p>To protect France from internal threats (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a key characteristic of Renaissance art?

<p>Focus on humanism and realism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Roundheads in the English Civil War?

<p>Supporters of Parliament (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the Glorious Revolution?

<p>The exile of King James II (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did the Tennis Court Oath signify during the French Revolution?

<p>A commitment to form a new constitution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which economic system allows the state to intervene only when necessary?

<p>Capitalism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the March on Versailles?

<p>Women protested for better working conditions and roles. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary function of the guillotine during the Reign of Terror?

<p>To serve as a method of punishment for traitors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Thermidorian Reaction?

<p>A shift towards more conservative governance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which tactic involves destroying resources to weaken an opponent?

<p>Scorched earth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which event directly led to Napoleon Bonaparte's downfall?

<p>The Battle of Waterloo. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one outcome of the Haitian Revolution?

<p>It resulted in the first country to abolish slavery. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of government did the Directory establish in France after Robespierre's execution?

<p>An oligarchy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a primary cause of conflict between the Stuart Kings and Parliament?

<p>Charles I's refusal to grant parliament authority in the state church. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which explorer is known for circumnavigating the globe?

<p>Ferdinand Magellan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following empires was primarily located in South America?

<p>Incan Empire (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of revolution was the Haitian Revolution?

<p>A slave revolt (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these colonies was established by the Spanish?

<p>Cuba (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which empire is known for its dominance in maritime trade during the 15th century?

<p>Ming Empire (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Columbian Exchange

The exchange of plants, animals, ideas, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas following Columbus's voyages.

Encomienda

A Spanish labor system that rewarded conquerors with the labor of conquered non-Christian peoples.

Mestizo

A person of mixed European and Indigenous descent, primarily in the Americas.

Peninsulares

Someone of pure Spanish blood born in Spain, who lived in the Spanish colonies, but was not born in the colonies.

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Caravel

A small, fast sailing ship used by Spain and Portugal during the 15th and 17th centuries.

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Vasco da Gama

A Portuguese explorer who discovered a sea route to India, establishing trade routes and colonial empires in Asia and Africa.

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Ferdinand Magellan

A Spanish explorer who circumnavigated the globe, providing Europeans with a better understanding of the world's geography and proving that the Atlantic and Pacific oceans connected.

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Zheng He

A Chinese admiral, explorer, diplomat, and bureaucrat during the Ming Dynasty.

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Mercantilism

An economic theory where a nation's wealth is measured by its gold and silver reserves. It emphasizes exporting more goods than importing, aiming to accumulate wealth at the expense of other nations.

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Bartolome de las Casas

A Spanish historian and writer who advocated for the humane treatment of Indigenous people in the Americas. He criticized Spanish colonization practices and was a vocal critic of the encomienda system.

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Moctezuma

The ruler of the Aztec Empire at the time of the Spanish conquest. His reign was marked by the arrival of Hernán Cortés and the subsequent fall of the Aztec Empire.

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Atahualpa

The last ruler of the Inca Empire before the Spanish conquest. He was captured and executed by Francisco Pizarro, marking a pivotal moment in the fall of the Inca Empire.

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Francisco Pizarro

A Spanish conquistador known for conquering the Inca Empire. He was a ruthless leader who used force and deception to achieve his goals.

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Hernan Cortez

A Spanish conquistador known for conquering the Aztec Empire. He was a cunning and ambitious leader who used a combination of military prowess, diplomacy, and alliances to defeat the Aztecs.

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“Guns, Germs, Steel” thesis

A theory that suggests that the European colonization of the Americas was primarily due to the advantages Europe had in terms of technology, weapons, and diseases. These advantages allowed them to overcome the Native American populations.

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Triangular Trade

A complex trading network that involved the transatlantic exchange of goods, slaves, and raw materials between Europe, Africa, and the Americas. This system was built on the exploitation of enslaved Africans.

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Constitutionalism

A political philosophy that limits the power of government and protects individual rights.

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Habeas Corpus

The right to not be imprisoned without due process of law.

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Parliament

French legislative body that played a key role in the French Revolution.

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Moderate Phase of the French Revolution

A period of moderate reform during the French Revolution focused on establishing a constitutional monarchy and promoting civil rights.

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Tennis Court Oath

Declaration made by the National Assembly in June 1789, vowing not to disband until a new constitution for France was established.

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Storming of the Bastille

The attack and destruction of Bastille prison in July 1789, which ignited the wider French Revolution.

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Third Estate

The third estate of France, comprising commoners, including the bourgeois.

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Laissez-faire

A political philosophy that advocates for minimal government intervention in the economy.

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Edict of Nantes

A document issued by King Henry IV of France in 1598, granting religious freedom to the Huguenots (French Protestants). It helped to end the French Wars of Religion.

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Suleiman the Magnificent

The ruler of the Ottoman Empire from 1520 to 1566, known for expanding the empire's territory and strengthening its administration. He created the "Kanun", a set of laws that regulated various aspects of Ottoman life.

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Akbar the Great

The Mughal emperor from 1556 to 1605. He is known for his religious tolerance, administrative reforms, and military innovations. He employed a vast network of correspondents for information gathering and built a strong military.

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Kangxi Emperor

The Qing dynasty Emperor of China who reigned from 1661 to 1722. Known for his strong leadership, commitment to education, and expansion of the empire. He actively participated in governance, recruited scholars, and embraced a merit-based system.

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Catherine the Great

The Empress of Russia from 1762 to 1796. She came to power after overthrowing her husband, Peter III. She is known for her ambitious reforms and expansion of Russia's territory.

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Frederick the Great

The King of Prussia from 1740 to 1786. He is considered one of the most successful monarchs of his time, leading Prussia to become a major European power. He is known for his military brilliance, administrative reforms, and expansion of Prussia's territory.

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Joseph II

The Holy Roman Emperor from 1765 to 1790. He implemented numerous reforms, including abolishing serfdom, limiting the power of the Church, and promoting religious tolerance.

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Renaissance

The period in European history from the 14th to 17th centuries, marked by a renewed interest in classical learning and culture, which led to advancements in art, literature, science, and technology.

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Reformation

The period in European history from the 16th century, associated with the rise of Protestantism and the Reformation of the Catholic Church.

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Encomienda System

A system of labor in Spanish colonies where conquistadors were rewarded with the labor of indigenous people. This system often exploited indigenous populations and caused them to suffer.

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Reign of Terror

A period of brutal political repression during the French Revolution, led by Maximilien Robespierre and the Jacobins. Anyone opposing their ideas was sentenced to death by the guillotine.

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Scorched Earth

A war tactic where resources are destroyed to prevent an enemy from using them. It can be used to outlast an opponent by denying them supplies.

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Sans-culottes

Working-class men in France during the French Revolution. They wore simple trousers instead of the luxurious breeches of the upper classes.

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Guerilla Warfare

A war tactic that relies on hit-and-run attacks and using terrain to your advantage. Guerilla fighters often blend in with the local population.

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Maximilien Robespierre

The leader of the Jacobins during the Reign of Terror, he ruled France with an iron fist before being captured and executed.

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Battle of Waterloo

The final defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1815, ending his reign and marking the end of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Thermidorian Reaction

The period that followed the execution of Robespierre, marking the end of the Reign of Terror. It saw a shift towards a more moderate and conservative government in France.

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Napoleonic Code

The French legal system, created by Napoleon Bonaparte. It replaced the complex Roman legal system with a more codified and efficient framework.

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Study Notes

Exam Schedule

  • Exam date: January 23-28
  • Exam time: 8:00-10:00 AM, and 10:30-12:30 PM
  • Periods for exam sessions listed

Exam Materials

  • Two #2 pencils
  • Eraser
  • Pen(s) are optional for identifications and short answers

Exam Grading

  • Midterm and Final exams make up 20% of the course grade.
  • Final grades are based upon the percentage of completed graded assignments.
  • Quarter 1-4 exams account for 20% of the course grade each.

Question Types

  • Multiple choice
  • Matching
  • Map labeling
  • Identifications (explanation-based response)
  • Short answer (similar to past tests and quizzes)

World History Topics (from provided text)

  • Exploration & Colonization
  • Mercantilism
  • Empires: Incan, Ming, Mughal, Ottoman
  • Colonies: British, Spanish, Portuguese
  • Revolutions: American, French, Haitian

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Related Documents

World History Midterm Study Guide 2024-25 PDF

Description

Prepare for your upcoming World History exams with this comprehensive overview. From exploration and colonization to the major empires and revolutions, this guide covers essential topics you need to focus on. Familiarize yourself with the exam format and grading criteria to enhance your performance.

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