World History Exam - Grade 10

The policy of one country's political, economic, or cultural domination over other lands and territories.

A form of colonial rule where local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority, but they are expected to follow the policies of the colonizing power.

A form of colonial rule where the colonizing power directly controls all aspects of government and administration in the colony.

The ruler of the Zulu people who led them to conquer large parts of Southern Africa in the early 19th century.

A meeting held in Berlin in 1884-85 where European powers divided Africa amongst themselves, without any African representation.

A Muslim reformer who led a jihad in Northern Nigeria in the early 19th century, aiming to purify Islamic practices and establish an Islamic state.

A Sudanese religious leader who claimed to be the Mahdi (a divinely appointed savior) and led a revolt against British rule in Sudan in the late 19th century.

The founder of modern Egypt, Muhammad Ali, introduced modern reforms and military modernization, transforming Egypt into a powerful regional force.

Indian soldiers who served in the British East India Company's army. They played a significant role in British expansion in India, but also participated in anti-British rebellions.

A trade imbalance where a country imports more goods than it exports, resulting in a negative balance of payments.

A trade imbalance where a country exports more goods than it imports, resulting in a positive balance of payments.

A war fought between Britain and China from 1839 to 1842 over the British demand for opium.

A treaty signed in 1842 ending the First Opium War, granting Britain numerous concessions, including the cession of Hong Kong.

Treaties imposed on China after the Opium War and other conflicts, which were considered unfair and unequal, giving European powers significant advantages.

A Chinese revolutionary leader who advocated for a Chinese republic and founded the Revolutionary Alliance to overthrow the Qing dynasty.

A period of modernization and rapid Westernization in Japan, starting in the late 19th century, with the focus on industrialization, military expansion, and establishing a constitutional monarchy.

A war between China and Japan from 1894 to 1895, ending with a Japanese victory and the establishment of Japanese dominance over Korea.

The indigenous people of Australia, who arrived on the continent about 40,000 years ago.

A British explorer who claimed the island of New Zealand for Britain in 1770, but it wasn't fully colonized until the 19th century.

A system in which a country's economy is dominated by a small, wealthy elite and reliant on the export of raw materials to wealthier countries.

A Mexican political leader who ruled as a dictator for 35 years from 1876 to 1911, implementing modernization policies but also repressing opposition.

A canal located in Panama, connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, significantly reducing travel time and increasing trade.

A military alliance formed in 1882 between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy, which later expanded into the Central Powers in World War I.

A region in southeastern Europe, characterized by instability and tensions due to competing ethnic groups and national aspirations. This region was also known as the 'powder keg of Europe' because of its potential for sparking a major war.

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife by Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist, which triggered a chain reaction of events leading to World War I.

A type of underwater warfare used in World War I, where submarines launched torpedoes to sink enemy ships.

An agreement to end fighting, often made before a formal peace treaty is signed.

A set of 14 points proposed by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson after World War I, aiming to achieve a just and lasting peace.

A secret society of Chinese peasants who trained in martial arts and aimed to expel foreigners from China, leading to the Boxer Uprising.